Corncob-derived biochar decelerates mineralization of native and added organic matter (AOM) in organic matter depleted alkaline soil

Geoderma ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
Mahnaz Roohi ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Arif ◽  
Qaiser Hussain ◽  
Tahira Yasmeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Alkaline Soil

Sulfur forms in bulk soils and alkaline soil extracts of tropical mountain ecosystems in northern Thailand

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Möller ◽  
K. Kaiser ◽  
N. Kanchanakool ◽  
C. Anecksamphant ◽  
W. Jirasuktaveekul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Organic S

Sulfur, besides phosphorus, is crucial for the nutrition of plants on tropical soils. Its availability is closely related to the turnover of soil organic matter. To get a better insight into transformation of soil S forms during the decomposition of organic matter, we studied inorganic and organic S pools in bulk samples and alkaline extracts of soils under different land uses representative of the tropical highlands of northern Thailand. Samples were taken from a cabbage cultivation, a Pinus reforestation, a secondary forest, and a primary forest. Total S ranged from 483 549 mg/kg in the subsoil to 1909 376 mg/kg in the organic layers, which is relatively high for tropical soils. The major S component in soil was organic S, comprising 75–99% of total S. Organic S was significantly correlated with total S, organic C, and total N, indicating that there is a close relationship between C, N, and S cycling in soil. C-bonded S was the predominant form in the topsoils (35–99% of total S) but its presence decreased with soil depth. The maximum concentrations of ester SO4-S were found in the A horizons (128 49 mg/kg), whereas the concentrations of inorganic SO4-S were small in all horizons. Compared with the forest site, the cabbage cultivation site was strongly depleted in S. C-bonded S was more depleted than ester SO4-S. A comparison of the S forms in NaOH extracts with S forms in bulk soil and C forms as indicated by 13C-NMR spectroscopy showed (i) that the extracts were very representative of soil organic S fractions and (ii) that ester SO4-S was mainly associated with O-substituted aliphatic C. In contrast, C-bonded S seemed to be connected to more-or-less all C binding types. transformation of soil organic matter, sulfate.

scholarly journals Soil pH and Organic Matter Content Affects European Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) Crown Defoliation and Its Impact on Understory Vegetation

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Turczański ◽  
Paweł Rutkowski ◽  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Dorota Wrońska-Pilarek ◽  
Mirosław Nowiński
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Ash Dieback ◽  
Crown Defoliation ◽  
European Ash

European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) dieback caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz, and Hosoya has been affecting European forests since 1992. The disease drives severe crown defoliation, branch loss, and finally tree mortality in European ash. The environmental factors affecting the disease process are still not fully recognized. We hypothesized that the level of crown defoliation in ash, as well as its impact on understory vegetation, will differ along the pH gradient in soil. We examined 27 ash stands in western Poland. We assessed the crown defoliation of 15 dominant and co-dominant trees, soil parameters (pH and soil organic matter contents; SOM), and also recorded the understory vegetation species composition. Most moderately and severely damaged trees occurred within the plots with a high SOM content (>7.5%) and neutral to slightly alkaline soil pH (>7.0) in the A horizon. We noted significantly lower crown defoliation in mesic sites with acidic soils and lower SOM contents. The results also showed the influence of ash crown defoliation on the species functional composition. Ash dieback led to the creation of gaps, and their colonization by other species frequently found in forest sites, especially forest-edge tall herbs.

The fate of manganese sulphate in alkaline soils

1943 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Wain ◽  
B. J. Silk ◽  
B. C. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Manganese Sulphate

1. Experiments have been made to determine the effect of treating alkaline soils with manganese sulphate on the quantities of manganese which can be extracted by N-ammonium acetate.2. Two soils of known total and ‘extractable’ manganese content were treated with manganese sulphate solution in the laboratory and re-analysed after definite time intervals. In the first of these, a calcareous soil from the College Farm, the extractable manganese decreased for 14 days after treatment, after which time manganese was again liberated, presumably due to a waterlogging effect. The extractable manganese in the second soil, a slightly alkaline soil with a high organic matter content, increased appreciably after treatment and remained at this level for the duration of the experiment.3. An experiment conducted in the field on a highly calcareous soil showed that the extractable manganese content down to a depth of 12 in., had fallen to its original level only 7 days after treatment. This behaviour is in agreement with the observations of other workers that there is little residual effect from manganese sulphate treatment for subsequent crops. The desirability of performing similar experiments on other soils is suggested.4. The effect of waterlogging and steam sterilization was to increase the quantities of extractable manganese in the soils examined.The authors wish to express their grateful thanks to Mr B. S. Furneaux, M.Sc, for the descriptions of the soils investigated, and to Dr N. H. Pizer for his valuable suggestions in the preparation of this paper. They are also indebted to Mr J. Hargrave of the Agricultural Institute, Kirton, Lines, for providing the Bourne Fen soil, and to Mr J. Tinsley, B.Sc., for pH and organic matter determinations.

scholarly journals Humic acid and nitrogen dose application in corn crop under alkaline soil conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 657-663
Author(s):  
Kamran Azeem ◽  
Farah Naz ◽  
Arshad Jalal ◽  
Fernando S. Galindo ◽  
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Total N ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
N Concentration

ABSTRACT Humic acid (HA), as a bio-stimulant and a major component of organic matter (OM), can improve plant physiology, soil fertility, and nutrient availability, mainly in low OM soils. Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients that affect several metabolic and biochemical activities, leading to improved plant development. This study was conducted to investigate the combined effect of HA and N doses on soil organic matter (SOM) and total N concentration, N uptake, corn growth, and grain yield under conventional tillage at Peshawar, Pakistan. Treatments were tested in a randomized block design with four replicates arranged in a factorial scheme 3 × 4 + 1. The respective doses of HA (1.5, 3,0 and 4.5 kg ha-1) were applied at the corn sowing, whereas N doses (80, 120, 160, and 200 kg ha-1) were applied in three splits (1/3 at sowing, 1/3 at the V5 stage, and remaining 1/3 at the tasselling stage) with one control (no HA and N). The application of HA, regardless of the applied doses, had positive effects on SOM, N concentration, N uptake, corn development, and grain yield. However, the application of 4.5 kg ha-1 of HA was the most effective in promoting SOM (0.83%) and total N (0.31%), shoot biomass (10610 kg ha-1), N uptake (1.13%), and grain yield (3780 kg ha-1), even when combined with the N doses of 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1. Increasing N doses positively influenced SOM, N concentration, N uptake, and corn growth. The greatest grain yield was obtained at 150 kg ha-1 of N regardless of HA applied doses.

scholarly journals Acidified Biochar Confers Improvement in Quality and Yield Attributes of Sufaid Chaunsa Mango in Saline Soil

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 418
Author(s):  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
Sidra Kiran ◽  
Shabir Hussain ◽  
Rana Khalid Iqbal ◽  
Umber Ghafoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Fruit Storage ◽  
Yield Attributes

Mango fruit quality plays a significant role in fruit storage. It also directly affects the economic value of fruit in the national and international markets. However, deterioration of soil health due to low organic matter is a major hurdle for mango growers. Scientists suggest incorporation of organic matter. However, high temperature and low precipitation lead to oxidation of organic residues in soil. On the other hand, biochar is gaining the attention of growers due to its resistance against decomposition. It can improve soil physicochemical attributes. Limited literature is available regarding biochar effects on the quality attributes of mango. Therefore, the current study was planned to investigate the effects of acidified biochar on mango quality and yield attributes in alkaline soil. Five levels of biochar, i.e., 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 Mg/ha, were applied in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Results showed that 20 and 40 Mg/ha acidified biochar significantly enhanced fruit retention, sugar contents, ash contents and TSS of mango compared to control. A significant increase in mango fruit weight and yield per plant validated the efficacious role of 40 Mg/ha acidified biochar over control. Furthermore, the maximum significant decrease in fruit juice acidity signified the imperative functioning of 40 Mg/ha acidified biochar in alkaline soil. In conclusion, 40 Mg/ha acidified biochar application can improve mango quality and yield attributes in alkaline soil. More investigations on different soil types, climatic zones and mango varieties are recommended to declare 40 Mg/ha acidified biochar as the best treatment for improvement in the quality and yield of mango fruit in alkaline soils.

scholarly journals Speciation of Chromium in Alkaline Soil Extracts by an Ion-Pair Reversed Phase HPLC-ICP MS Method

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Leśniewska ◽  
Beata Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Chromium Species ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Icp Ms

The aim of this work was to study by a hyphenated HPLC-ICP MS technique the chromium species released during alkaline extraction of various soils collected from a contaminated area of an old tannery. An ultrasound-assisted extraction procedure using 0.1 mol L−1 Na2CO3 solution was developed for the release of chromium species from the soil. The chromium species in the soil extracts were separated on a C8 column using EDTA and TBAH solution as a mobile phase. The use of an ICP-QQQ MS spectrometer in tandem mass configuration (MS/MS) combined with an octopole reaction system (ORS3) pressurized with helium allows one to eliminate spectral interferences during Cr determination in the soil extracts. The detection limit of the procedure was 0.08 µg L−1 for Cr(III) and 0.09 µg L−1 for Cr(VI) species. The trueness of the IP RP HPLC-ICP MS method was proved by an analysis of CRM 041 and CRM 060. The advantage of the proposed method is the analysis of soil extracts without their preliminary neutralization, which limits the losses of Cr(VI) due to the reduction process. The analysed soils mainly contained chromium in immobile forms (94.6–98.5% of the total Cr content). In all alkaline soil extracts mostly the Cr(VI) form was found, but in the extract of organic soils Cr(III) was also present. This arose from the reduction of Cr(VI) species by organic matter (humic acids) and Fe(II). The amount of formed Cr(III) species was dependent on the type of soil (content of organic matter, Mn and Fe) and its moistness. For the first time, the presence of neutral and non-polar chromium fractions in the soil extracts was also demonstrated. It was found that reliable speciation analysis results could be obtained for mineral soils.

Fractionation of soil organic carbon under different land management in dry tropics, south India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eito Nonomura ◽  
Soh Sugihara ◽  
Mayuko Seki ◽  
Hidetoshi Miyazaki ◽  
Muniandi Jegadeesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks

<p>An understanding of the mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization is essential to develop the appropriate management for C sequestration and soil health. In southern India, where neutral-alkaline soils are mainly distributed, soil C stocks are inherently low in cropland, despite relatively high clay contents (Clay>ca. 30%, OC<ca. 5 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> soil). To consider this reason of low SOC in this area, we evaluated the fractionated C contents and its controlling factors, by measuring the particulate organic matter (POM). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of land management on the amount and composition of each fraction of soil in southern India. We collected the surface soils (0-10 cm) from two representative sites of southern India; Vertisols with alkaline soil pH (8.4-8.8) and Alfisols with neutral soil pH (6.0-7.0). At each site, two different land management were selected; forest and cropland of Vertisols, and cropland with no organic matter application (no-OM) and with manure application (with-OM) of Alfisols. Soils were separated into the four fractions; (1) Light Fraction; LF (<1.7 g cm<sup>-3</sup>) , (2) Coarse POM; cPOM (>1.7 g cm<sup>-3</sup>, 250-2000 µm), (3) Fine POM; fPOM(>1.7 g cm<sup>-3</sup>, 53-250 µm), and (4) Silt+Clay; S+C (>1.7 g cm<sup>-3</sup>, <53 µm). Each fraction was analyzed by elemental analysis (C, N) and CPMAS <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy. In Vertisols, C contents of cPOM, fPOM, S+C were significantly higher in forest (0.65, 0.91, 4.8 g kg<sup>-1</sup> soil, respectively) than those of cropland (0.17, 0.22, 4.1 g kg<sup>-1</sup> soil, respectively), causing the higher total SOC in forest (7.8 g kg<sup>-1</sup> soil) than in cropland (4.5 g kg<sup>-1</sup> soil). C concentration of cPOM, fPOM, and S+C fractions were also significantly higher in forest (3.7, 7.6, 6.7 g kg<sup>-1</sup> fraction, respectively) than those of cropland (1.0, 2.7, 5.4 g kg<sup>-1</sup> fraction, respectively). In particular, increasing rates in cPOM and fPOM (180-280 %) were greater than S+C (24 %), possibly suggesting that forest management should increase the relatively active and intermediate SOC pools through the C accumulation in cPOM and fPOM fractions of Vertisols. In Alfisols, C contents in LF and S+C were significantly higher in with-OM (1.1 and 5.2 g kg<sup>-1</sup> soil, respectively) than in no-OM (0.76 and 4.7 g kg<sup>-1</sup> soil, respectively). C concentration of S+C fraction was significantly higher in with-OM (14 g kg<sup>-1</sup> fraction) than in no-OM (11 g kg<sup>-1</sup> fraction), but not of cPOM and fPOM fractions. It suggests that the OM application to cropland should increase the slow SOC pool through the C accumulation in S+C fractions of Alfisols. These results indicate that different fraction may contribute to SOC stabilization between Vertisols and Alfisols in southern India.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of the Nitrification Inhibitor 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate on Nitrification and Nitrifiers in Two Contrasting Agricultural Soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (17) ◽  
pp. 5236-5248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuzhen Shi ◽  
Hang-Wei Hu ◽  
Christoph Müller ◽  
Ji-Zheng He ◽  
Deli Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Stable Isotope Probing ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Pasture Soil ◽  
Vegetable Soil

ABSTRACTThe nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) is a powerful tool that can be used to promote nitrogen (N) use efficiency and reduce N losses from agricultural systems by slowing nitrification. Mounting evidence has confirmed the functional importance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in nitrification and N2O production; however, their responses to DMPP amendment and the microbial mechanisms underlying the variable efficiencies of DMPP across different soils remain largely unknown. Here we compared the impacts of DMPP on nitrification and the dynamics of ammonia oxidizers between an acidic pasture soil and an alkaline vegetable soil using a15N tracing and13CO2-DNA–stable-isotope probing (SIP) technique. The results showed that DMPP significantly inhibited nitrification and N2O production in the vegetable soil only, and the transient inhibition was coupled with a significant decrease in AOB abundance. No significant effects on the community structure of ammonia oxidizers or the abundances of total bacteria and denitrifiers were observed in either soil. The15N tracing experiment revealed that autotrophic nitrification was the predominant form of nitrification in both soils. The13CO2-DNA–SIP results indicated the involvement of AOB in active nitrification in both soils, but DMPP inhibited the assimilation of13CO2into AOB only in the vegetable soil. Our findings provide evidence that DMPP could effectively inhibit nitrification through impeding the abundance and metabolic activity of AOB in the alkaline vegetable soil but not in the acidic pasture soil, possibly due to the low AOB abundance or the adsorption of DMPP by organic matter.IMPORTANCEThe combination of the15N tracing model and13CO2-DNA–SIP technique provides important evidence that the nitrification inhibitor DMPP could effectively inhibit nitrification and nitrous oxide emission in an alkaline soil through influencing the abundance and metabolic activity of AOB. In contrast, DMPP amendment has no significant effect on nitrification or nitrifiers in an acidic soil, potentially owing to the low abundance of AOB and the possible adsorption of DMPP by organic matter. Our findings have direct implications for improved agricultural practices through utilizing the nitrification inhibitor DMPP in appropriate situations, and they emphasize the importance of microbial communities to the efficacy of DMPP.

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