Combined use of beneficial soil microorganism and agrowaste residue to cope with plant water limitation under semiarid conditions

Geoderma ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 232-234 ◽  
pp. 640-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Armada ◽  
G. Portela ◽  
A. Roldán ◽  
R. Azcón
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Water Limitation ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Semiarid Conditions

scholarly journals Alternative developmental and transcriptomic responses to host plant water limitation in a butterfly metapopulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aapo Kahilainen ◽  
Vicencio Oostra ◽  
Panu Somervuo ◽  
Guillaume Minard ◽  
Marjo Saastamoinen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Water Limitation ◽  
Transcriptomic Responses

Consequences of plant water limitation for aphids, their natural enemies, and insect communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jessica Tarron Kansman
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Water Limitation ◽  
Aphid Populations

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Climate change is causing an increase in drought events around the world. Water limitation affects the quality and quantity of plant resources for herbivorous insects, resulting in cascading effects for higher trophic levels. Physiological changes due to water limitation may make plants more nutritious for insect herbivores, but it comes at the cost of increased plant defensive responses, declining biomass, and restricted access to the phloem. These changes in the plant have direct effects on natural enemies of herbivorous insects by changing the attractiveness of the habitat, and indirect effects by changing the quality of their insect prey. However, the outcomes of these interactions are still up for debate. My research examined the broad effects of water limitation on insect communities and elucidated mechanisms driving the response. This research is novel in that I assessed insect responses to multiple levels of water limitation and across several levels of ecological organization: plant-herbivore, tri-trophic, and within the framework of the greater arthropod community. First, I examined effects of plant water limitation on the arthropod community associated with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), with specific focus on aphids and their natural enemies. Second, I determined how plant water limitation affects bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) performance and population growth, and investigated plant traits that influence the aphid response. Third, I assessed aphid behavioral responses to plant water limitation and their contribution to aphid performance outcomes. Finally, I determined the indirect consequences of plant water limitation for aphid population suppression by parasitic wasps. Across all studies, I found evidence that aphid populations may decline as droughts become more frequent and intense. I determined that all levels of water limitation reduced total insect abundance and shifted the composition of the insect community. Using structural equation modeling, I showed that aphids were affected by stress induced changes in plant properties other than plant biomass, whereas natural enemies were strongly affected by changes in plant biomass; these effects were exacerbated as water stress increased. Aphid population size, population growth rate, and individual fecundity were negatively affected by even mild levels of plant water limitation. Diminished aphid performance on stressed plants may be driven by reduced amino acid concentrations and increased sucrose concentrations, both conditions which reduce plant quality for aphids. In addition, aphid host-plant selection was affected by plant water limitation, and aphid feeding rate declined on stressed hosts. Finally, parasitic wasps were better at suppressing aphid populations on stressed plants, with the highest mummy production found under mild stress conditions. However, the mechanism driving improved aphid suppression by wasps on stressed plants was reliant on water stress intensity. Taken together, I found that plant water limitation negatively affects insect communities and influences tri-trophic interactions. These studies highlight the intricate ways plant water stress intensity can affect insect behavior, performance, and species interactions, which are critical for our ability to predict outcomes of a changing climate for insects.

Parsimonious representation of plant water use strategies via non-dimensional parameter groups

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maoya Bassiouni ◽  
Stefano Manzoni ◽  
Giulia Vico
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Dimensional Parameter ◽  
Water Limitation ◽  
Plant Water Use

<p>Process-based models are needed to improve estimates of water and carbon cycles in variable climatic conditions. Yet, their utility is often limited by our inability to directly measure plant stomatal and hydraulic traits at scales suitable to quantify characteristics of whole ecosystems. Inferring such parameters from ecosystem-scale data with parsimonious models offers an avenue to address this limitation. To this aim, we use a simple representation of the water flux through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) and derive a parameterization of Feddes-type soil water-limitation constraints on transpiration (expressed via a soil moisture dependent function β). This parameterization explicitly accounts for community-effective plant eco-physiological traits as encoded in the SPAC model parameters. We express analytically the fractional loss of conductivity in well-watered conditions and the soil saturation thresholds at which transpiration is down-regulated from its well-watered rate and at which transpiration ceases, as a function of non-dimensional parameter groups. These non-dimensional groups combine plant stomatal and hydraulic traits, soil texture and climate. We implement the theoretical β function into a soil water balance and infer distributions of plant traits which best-match FLUXNET observations in a range of biomes. Finally, we analyze the resulting non-dimensional groups to explore patterns in plant water use strategies. Our results indicate that non-dimensional groups reflect combinations of plant traits which are adapted to growing season environmental conditions and these groups may be more meaningful model parameters than individual traits at ecosystem scales. Additionally, using non-dimensional groups instead of focusing on individual parameters reduces risks of equifinality and provides future opportunities to exploit satellite data to quantify robust ecosystem-scale parameters. This analysis provides a parsimonious and functionally accurate alternative to account for ecosystem hydraulic controls and feedbacks and can help overcome limitations of commonly used empirical water-limitation constraints.</p>

Platelet monitoring for PCI

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Capodanno ◽  
D. J. Angiolillo
Keyword(s):  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary

SummaryDespite the clinical benefit associated with the combined use of aspirin and clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome or those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, a considerable interindividual variability in response to these drugs have been consistently reported. There is a growing interest on applying platelet functional tests with the goal of identifying patients at increased risk of recurrent ischaemic events and potentially tailoring antiplatelet treatment regimens.This manuscript will review the state of the art on the most commonly available platelet functional tests, describing their advantages and disadvantages and exploring their applicability in clinical practice.

201Tl Scintigraphy in the Evaluation of Palpable and Nonpalpable Breast Lesions: Correlation with Mammography and Ultrasonography

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (08) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Atasever ◽  
A. Özdemir ◽  
I. Öznur ◽  
N. I. Karabacak ◽  
N. Gökçora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Benign Breast Lesions ◽  
Palpable Breast ◽  
Metastatic Sites

Summary Aim: Our goal was to determine the clinical usefulness of TI-201 to identify breast cancer in patients with suspicious breast lesions on clinical examination, and/or abnormal radiologic (mammography and/or ultrasonography) findings. Methods: TI-201 scintigraphy were performed in sixty-eight patients with 70 breast abnormalities (51 palpable, 19 nonpalpable) and compared with mammography and ultrasonography (US). Early (15 min) and late (3 h) images of the breasts were obtained following the injection of 111 MBq (3 mCi) of TI-201. Visual and semiquantitative interpretation was performed. Results: Final diagnosis confirmed 52 malignant breast lesions and 18 benign conditions. TI-201 visualized 47 of 52 (90%) overall malignant lesions. Thirty-eight of 40 (95%) palpable and 9 of 12 (75%) nonpalpable breast cancers were detected by TI-201 scintigraphy. The smallest mass lesion detected by TI-201 measured 1.5x1.0 cm. Eleven breast lesions were interpreted as indeterminate by mammography and/or sonography. TI-201 scintigraphy excluded malignancy in 7 of 8 (88%) patients with benign breast lesions interpreted as indeterminate. Five of the 18 (28%) benign breast lesions showed TI-201 uptake. None of the fibroadenoma and fibrocystic changes accumulated TI-201. TI-201 scintigraphy, mammography and ultrasonography showed 90%, 92%, 85% overall sensitivity and 72%, 56%, 61% overall specificity respectively. Twenty-one of the 28 (75%) axillary nodal metastatic sites were also detected by TI-201. In malignant and benign lesions, early and late lesion/contralateral normal side (L/N) ratios were 1.58 ± 0.38 (mean ± SD) and 1.48 ± 0.32 (p >0.05), 1.87 ± 0.65 and 1.34 ± 0.20 (p<0.05) respectively. The mean early and late L/N ratios of malignant and benign groups did not show statistical difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: Overall, TI-201 scintigraphy was the most specific of the three methods and yielded favourable results in palpable breast cancers, while it showed lower sensitivity in nonpalpable cancers and axillary metastases. Combined use of TI-201 scintigraphy with mammography and US seems to be useful in difficult cases, such as dense breasts and indeterminate breast lesions.

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