Surface casting of the tropical Metaphire posthuma increases soil erosion and nitrate leaching in a laboratory experiment

Geoderma ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 204-205 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jouquet ◽  
N. Bottinelli ◽  
G. Kerneis ◽  
T. Henry-des-Tureaux ◽  
Thuy Thu Doan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Metaphire Posthuma ◽  
Surface Casting

The Effect of Straw Mulch on Simulated Simazine Leaching and Runoff

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linjian Jiang ◽  
Imed Dami ◽  
Hannah M. Mathers ◽  
Warren A. Dick ◽  
Doug Doohan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Effective Practice ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch

In the Midwestern United States, winter hilling, consisting of two tillage activities per year, is required in vinifera-grape vineyards for winter protection. However, this practice often leads to severe soil erosion and pesticide offsite movement. The effectiveness of wheat straw mulch as a replacement for soil mounding was investigated as a way of providing winter protection and to mitigate pesticide leaching and runoff. A laboratory experiment was conducted where simazine was applied to wheat straw or bare soil and then followed by simulated rainfalls. When compared with bare soil, straw reduced simazine leaching and runoff by 40 and 68%, respectively. Adsorption or interception, or both, of simazine by straw were responsible for this effect. Additionally, straw reduced soil erosion by 95% and would largely reduce simazine runoff associated with sediment displacement. The first simulated rainfall contributed 70 and 34% of total simazine runoff from bare soil and straw, respectively. In conclusion, mulching with straw during winter months to provide winter protection could be an effective practice for controlling simazine offsite movement and soil erosion in vinifera vineyards.

In which cropping systems can residual weeds reduce nitrate leaching and soil erosion?

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 126015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Moreau ◽  
Olivia Pointurier ◽  
Bernard Nicolardot ◽  
Jean Villerd ◽  
Nathalie Colbach
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Cropping Systems

scholarly journals Quantifying Regulating Ecosystem Services with Increased Tree Densities on European Farmland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6676
Author(s):  
Josep Crous-Duran ◽  
Anil R. Graves ◽  
Silvestre García de Jalón ◽  
Sonja Kay ◽  
Margarida Tomé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Starting Point

Agroforestry systems have been compared to agricultural and forestry alternatives, providing a land-use solution for additional environmental benefits while maintaining similar levels of productivity. However, there is scarce research assessing such patterns across a pan-European scale using a common methodology. This study aims to improve our understanding of the role of trees in three different regulating ecosystem services—(1) soil erosion, (2) nitrate leaching and (3) carbon sequestration—in traditional and innovative agroforestry systems in Europe through a consistent modeling approach. The systems’ assessment spans environmentally from the Mediterranean environmental region in Portugal to the Continental environmental region in Switzerland and Germany to the Atlantic environmental region in the United Kingdom. Modeled tree densities were compared in the different land-use alternatives, ranging from zero (agriculture with only crops or pasture) to forestry (only trees). The methodology included the use of a biophysical model (Yield-SAFE) where the quantification of the environmental benefits was integrated. Results show a consistent improvement of regulating ecosystem services can be expected when introducing trees in the farming landscapes in different environmental regions in Europe. For all the systems, the forestry alternatives presented the best results in terms of a decrease in soil erosion of 51% (±29), a decrease of nearly all the nitrate leaching (98% ± 1) and an increase in the carbon sequestration of up to 238 Mg C ha−1 (±140). However, these alternatives are limited in the variety of food, energy and/or materials provided. On the other hand, from an arable or pure-pasture alternative starting point, an increase in agroforestry tree density could also be associated with a decrease in soil erosion of up to 25% (±17), a decrease in nitrates leached of up to 52% (±34) and an increase in the carbon sequestered of 163 Mg C ha−1 (±128) while at the same time ensuring the same levels of biomass growth and an increase in product diversification.

Changes of soil microrelief and its effect on soil erosion under different rainfall patterns in a laboratory experiment

CATENA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqin He ◽  
Feng Qin ◽  
Zicheng Zheng ◽  
Tingxuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

scholarly journals Effects of Oat (Avena sativa) and Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) Cover Crops on Nitrate Leaching, Soil Water, and Maize Yield in Subtropical Islands in Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Hide Omae ◽  
Fujio Nagumo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Maize Growth

<p>We determined the effects of oat (<em>Avena sativa</em>) and hairy vetch (<em>Vicia villosa</em>) winter cover crops on subsequent maize growth, soil erosion, water run-off, and nitrate leaching. Separate or combined plots of oat and hairy vetch cover crops were grown in winter, and maize was subsequently planted in all plots in the following summer season. The half-recommended N fertilizer (50 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) applied to zero-tillage maize produced the same biomass and yield as the control (i.e., natural fallow-maize with tillage and fertilizer application of 100 N kg ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>) when cultivated after hairy vetch (9.6 t ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>). In contrast, maize grown after oat showed 40.4% lower biomass and 65.4% lower yield. Compared to the control, runoff and soil erosion were 85.3-92.9% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and 68.6-98.7% lower with cover crop mulch irrespective of cover crop species (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), respectively. Cumulative nitrate leaching 60 cm below the soil surface was highest in the control, followed by (in descending order) hairy vetch-maize, hairy vetch + oat-maize, and oat-maize. NO<sub>3</sub>-N release showed a twin-peak pattern in hairy vetch-maize plots at 18 and 37 days after sowing (DAS). Meanwhile, a single peak was observed in the control at 32 DAS immediately after top dressing at 31 DAS. The synchrony of N supply and crop demand were better in hairy vetch-maize than oat-maize or conventional cultivation owing to rapid maize growth under lower rainfall conditions.<strong></strong></p>

Susceptibility of Angoff Method to Judgmental Errors: A Laboratory Experiment

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daren S. Protolipac ◽  
Lisa Finkelstein ◽  
John Kulas
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Angoff Method
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