Distribution of organic and humic carbon in wet-sieved aggregates of different soils under long-term fertilization experiment

Geoderma ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 157 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lugato ◽  
G. Simonetti ◽  
F. Morari ◽  
S. Nardi ◽  
A. Berti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertilization Experiment ◽  
Different Soils

scholarly journals Long-term field fertilization experiment with energy willow (Salix sp.) − Elemental composition and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
László Simon ◽  
Marianna Makádi ◽  
György Vincze ◽  
Zsuzsanna Uri ◽  
Katalin Irinyiné Oláh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fertilization Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Term Field

A small-plot long-term field fertilization experiment was set up in 2011 with willow (Salix triandra x Salix viminalis ’Inger’) grown as an energy crop in Nyíregyháza, Hungary. The brown forest soil was treated three times (in June 2011, May 2013, May 2016) with municipal biocompost (MBC), municipal sewage sludge compost (MSSC) or willow ash (WA), and twice (June 2011, May 2013) with rhyolite tuff (RT). In late May – early June 2016 urea (U) and sulphuric urea (SU) fertilizers were also applied to the soil as top-dressing (TD). These fertilizers and amendments were also applied to the soil in 2016 in the combinations; MBC+SU, RT+SU, WA+SU and MSSC+WA. All the treatments were repeated four times. In July 2016 the highest nitrogen concentrations in willow leaves were measured in the U (3.47 m/m%) and SU (3.01 m/m%) treatments, and these values were significantly higher than the control (2.46 m/m%). An excess of nitrogen considerably reduced the Zn uptake of the leaves, with values of 39.5 μg g-1 in the U treatment, 53.4 μg g-1 in the SU treatment, and 63.5 μg g-1 in the control. All other amendments or TDs, except for WA, enhanced the specific potassium concentrations in willow leaves compared to the control. No significant quantities of toxic elements (As, Ba, Cd, Pb) were transported from soil amendments or TDs to the willow leaves. In July 2016 the most intensive leaf chlorophyll fluorescence was observed in the MSSC and MSSC+WA treatments.

The effects of cultivation on the composition of organic-matter and structural stability of soils

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 975 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Golchin ◽  
P Clarke ◽  
JM Oades ◽  
JO Skjemstad
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Dispersible Clay ◽  
Different Soils

Soil samples were obtained from the surface horizons of five untilled sites and adjacent sites under short- and long-term cultivation. The soil samples were fractionated based on density and organic materials were concentrated in various fractions which enabled comparative chemical composition of the organic materials in cultivated and uncultivated sites by solid-state C-13 CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. Changes in the nature of organic carbon with cultivation were different in different soils and resulted from variations in the chemistry of carbon inputs to the soils and a greater extent of decomposition of organic materials in cultivated soils. Differences in the chemical composition of organic carbon between cultivated and uncultivated soils resided mostly in organic materials occluded within aggregates, whereas the chemistry of organic matter associated with clay particles showed only small changes. The results indicate a faster decomposition of O-alkyl C in the cultivated soils. Wet aggregate stability, mechanically dispersible clay and modulus of rupture tests were used to assess the effects of cultivation on structural stability of soils. In four of five soils, the virgin sites and sites which had been under long-term pasture had a greater aggregate stability than the cultivated sites. Neither total organic matter nor total O-alkyl C content was closely correlated with aggregate stability, suggesting that only a part of soil carbon or carbohydrate is involved in aggregate stability. The fractions of carbon and O-alkyl C present in the form of particulate organic matter occluded within aggregates were better correlated with aggregate stability (r = 0.86** and 0.88**, respectively). Cultivation was not the dominant factor influencing water-dispersible clay across the range of soil types used in this study. The amount of dispersible clay was a function of total clay content and the percentage of clay dispersed was controlled by factors such as clay mineralogy, CaCO3 and organic matter content of soils. The tendency of different soils for hard-setting and crusting, as a result of structural collapse, was reflected in the modulus of rupture (MOR). The cultivated sites had significantly higher MOR than their non-tilled counterparts. The soils studied had different MOR due to differences in their physical and chemical properties.

scholarly journals Weed seed-bank responses to long-term fertilization in a rice-wheat rotation system

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jiang ◽  
Shen XP ◽  
W. Gao ◽  
Shen MX ◽  
Dai QG
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fertilization Experiment ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Major Nutrients

We studied the heterogeneity of soil weed seed-bank in a rice-wheat rotation system after long-term application of different organic or non-organic fertilizers, and the effects of major nutrients on the characteristics of the weed seed-bank. The soil was sampled in the Taihu area after a 31-year long-term fertilization experiment. Weed seeds were identified and counted in the surface soil of 12 differentially treated areas using microscopic examination, and analyzed by the Simpson, Shannon, Margalef, and Pielou indexes. The long-term application of organic fertilizers could significantly reduce the density of soil weed seed-bank; non-organic fertilizers and a combination of non-organic and organic fertilizers had a significant influence on the number of species and diversity of weeds. The application of organic fertilizers improved the Simpson, Shannon and Pielou indexes of soil weed seed-bank community and stabilized the community structure. In terms of the soil nutrient system itself, the soil organic materials and total nitrogen content are the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of soil weed seed-bank.

scholarly journals Effect of Pig and Cattle Slurry Application on Heavy Metal Composition of Maize Grown on Different Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Provolo ◽  
Giulia Manuli ◽  
Alberto Finzi ◽  
Giorgio Lucchini ◽  
Elisabetta Riva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Different Soils

Cattle and pig manure contain useful mineral nutrients (N, P, and K) and are therefore used as organic fertilizer. However, excessive applications of manure can cause environmental problems and threaten animal and human health because these materials also hold significant amounts of heavy metals, particularly Cu and Zn. To assess the potential risk due to the increased concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Zn, and Cr) in a harvested crop, two maize hybrids were grown in pots on four different soils with three different fertilisers (urea, pig manure, and cattle manure). Both soil and manure characteristics influenced the heavy metal concentrations in the plant shoots. Organic fertilisation strongly interacted with the soils and, in general, reduced the shoot content of Cu, Mn, and Zn. A preliminary assessment of the heavy metal balance of the agricultural systems based on the intensive livestock production and maize cultivation showed that the potential soil enrichment of the long-term application of livestock manure arises mainly from the application of pig slurries that have a high content of Cu and Zn. The time required to apply an amount of metal that is equal to the initial soil content is 60–300 years for Zn and 240–450 years for Cu, depending on the soil type and the initial heavy metal content.

scholarly journals Change of soil productivity in three different soils after long-term field fertilization treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 848-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-lou LIU ◽  
Tian-fu HAN ◽  
Jing HUANG ◽  
Shui-qing ZHANG ◽  
Hong-jun GAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Different Soils ◽  
Term Field

Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Behavior in a Long-Term Fertilization Experiment

2012 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1223-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Anthony ◽  
Gary Malzer ◽  
Mingchu Zhang ◽  
Stephen Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Fertilization Experiment

Secondary seed dormancy prolongs persistence of volunteer canola in western Canada

Weed Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Gulden ◽  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
A. Gordon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Spring Canola ◽  
Typical Summer ◽  
Different Soils

In western Canada, little is known about the seedbank ecology of volunteer canola. Therefore, integrated recommendations for the management of this weed are limited. In this study, we investigated the seedbank persistence and seedling recruitment of two spring canola genotype groups with different secondary seed dormancy potentials under contrasting tillage systems. The study was conducted at two locations with different soils in the Mixed Moist Grassland ecoregion of Saskatchewan. A single cohort seedbank was established in 1999 and was followed for 3 yr in successive wheat crops. In a separate laboratory study, the six canola genotypes examined were classified as those with high and those with medium potentials for the development of secondary seed dormancy (HD and MD, respectively). After one, two, and three winters, maximum persistence of 44, 1.4, and 0.2% of the original seedbank was observed among the treatments, respectively. In 2001, HD canola genotypes tended to exhibit 6- to 12-fold greater persistence than MD canola genotypes, indicating lower seedbank mortality in HD canola. Seedling recruitment of HD canola also was higher than MD canola when differences were observed between these genotype groups. Therefore, long-term seedbank persistence of canola can be reduced by growing genotypes with low inherent potential for the development of secondary seed dormancy. The proportion of persisting seeds tended to be higher under conventional tillage than under zero tillage because of lower seedbank mortality, but no clear distinction in seedbank persistence in terms of absolute time could be made between these two tillage systems. Volunteer canola seedling recruitment followed the pattern of a typical summer-annual weed, where seedling emergence was observed only during May and June.

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