scholarly journals Copper–arsenic decoupling in an active geothermal system: A link between pyrite and fluid composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 179-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Tardani ◽  
Martin Reich ◽  
Artur P. Deditius ◽  
Stephen Chryssoulis ◽  
Pablo Sánchez-Alfaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal System ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
System A ◽  
Active Geothermal System ◽  
Copper Arsenic

scholarly journals Compaction of Hyaloclastite from the Active Geothermal System at Krafla Volcano, Iceland

Geofluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Guðjón H. Eggertsson ◽  
Jackie E. Kendrick ◽  
Joshua Weaver ◽  
Paul A. Wallace ◽  
James E. P. Utley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Stress ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Yield Curves ◽  
Strength Differential ◽  
Brittle Ductile Transition ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Active Geothermal System ◽  
Mean Stresses

Hyaloclastites commonly form high-quality reservoir rocks in volcanic geothermal provinces. Here, we investigated the effects of confinement due to burial following prolonged accumulation of eruptive products on the physical and mechanical evolution of surficial and subsurface (depths of 70 m, 556 m, and 732 m) hyaloclastites from Krafla volcano, Iceland. Upon loading in a hydrostatic cell, the porosity and permeability of the surficial hyaloclastite decreased linearly with mean effective stress, as pores and cracks closed due to elastic (recoverable) compaction up to 22-24 MPa (equivalent to ~1.3 km depth in the reservoir). Beyond this mean effective stress, denoted as P∗, we observed accelerated porosity and permeability reduction with increasing confinement, as the rock underwent permanent inelastic compaction. In comparison, the porosity and permeability of the subsurface core samples were less sensitive to mean effective stress, decreasing linearly with increasing confinement as the samples compacted elastically within the conditions tested (to 40 MPa). Although the surficial material underwent permanent, destructive compaction, it maintained higher porosity and permeability than the subsurface hyaloclastites throughout the experiments. We constrained the evolution of yield curves of the hyaloclastites, subjected to different effective mean stresses in a triaxial press. Surficial hyaloclastites underwent a brittle-ductile transition at an effective mean stress of ~10.5 MPa, and peak strength (differential stress) reached 13 MPa. When loaded to effective mean stresses of 33 and 40 MPa, the rocks compacted, producing new yield curves with a brittle-ductile transition at ~12.5 and ~19 MPa, respectively, but showed limited strength increase. In comparison, the subsurface samples were found to be much stronger, displaying higher strengths and brittle-ductile transitions at higher effective mean stresses (i.e., 37.5 MPa for 70 m sample, >75 MPa for 556 m, and 68.5 MPa for 732 m) that correspond to their lower porosities and permeabilities. Thus, we conclude that compaction upon burial alone is insufficient to explain the physical and mechanical properties of the subsurface hyaloclastites present in the reservoir at Krafla volcano. Mineralogical alteration, quantified using SEM-EDS, is invoked to explain the further reduction of porosity and increase in strength of the hyaloclastite in the active geothermal system at Krafla.

scholarly journals Copahue Geothermal System: A Volcanic Environment with Rich Extreme Prokaryotic Biodiversity

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Urbieta ◽  
Graciana Porati ◽  
Ana Segretín ◽  
Elena González-Toril ◽  
María Giaveno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal System ◽  
System A ◽  
Volcanic Environment
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