Particulate emissions from large-scale medium-speed diesel engines: 1. Particle size distribution

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 1855-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Sarvi ◽  
Jussi Lyyränen ◽  
Jorma Jokiniemi ◽  
Ron Zevenhoven
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Medium Speed

scholarly journals Effects of CO<sub>2</sub> on particle size distribution and phytoplankton abundance during a mesocosm bloom experiment (PeECE II)

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Engel ◽  
K. G. Schulz ◽  
U. Riebesell ◽  
R. Bellerby ◽  
B. Delille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
General Importance ◽  
Co2 Treatment

Abstract. The influence of seawater carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration on the size distribution of suspended particles (2–60 μm) and on phytoplankton abundance was investigated during a mesocosm experiment at the large scale facility (LFS) in Bergen, Norway, in the frame of the Pelagic Ecosystem CO2 Enrichment study (PeECE II). In nine outdoor enclosures the partial pressure of CO2 in seawater was modified by an aeration system to simulate past (~190 μatm CO2), present (~370 μatm CO2) and future (~700 μatm CO2) CO2 conditions in triplicates. Due to the initial addition of inorganic nutrients, phytoplankton blooms developed in all mesocosms and were monitored over a period of 19 days. Seawater samples were collected daily for analysing the abundance of suspended particles and phytoplankton with the Coulter Counter and with Flow Cytometry, respectively. During the bloom period, the abundance of small particles (<4 μm) significantly increased at past, and decreased at future CO2 levels. At that time, a direct relationship between the total-surface-to-total-volume ratio of suspended particles and DIC concentration was determined for all mesocosms. Significant changes with respect to the CO2 treatment were also observed in the phytoplankton community structure. While some populations such as diatoms seemed to be insensitive to the CO2 treatment, others like Micromonas spp. increased with CO2, or showed maximum abundance at present day CO2 (i.e. Emiliania huxleyi). The strongest response to CO2 was observed in the abundance of small autotrophic nano-plankton that strongly increased during the bloom in the past CO2 mesocosms. Together, changes in particle size distribution and phytoplankton community indicate a complex interplay between the ability of the cells to physiologically respond to changes in CO2 and size selection. Size of cells is of general importance for a variety of processes in marine systems such as diffusion-limited uptake of substrates, resource allocation, predator-prey interaction, and gravitational settling. The observed changes in particle size distribution are therefore discussed with respect to biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem functioning.

Measuring Particulate Emissions of Light Duty Passenger Vehicles Using Integrated Particle Size Distribution (IPSD)

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 5618-5627 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Quiros ◽  
Sherry Zhang ◽  
Satya Sardar ◽  
Michael A. Kamboures ◽  
David Eiges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Light Duty

Modeling soot particle size distribution in diesel engines

Fuel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan Prakash Duvvuri ◽  
Sujith Sukumaran ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Shrivastava ◽  
Sheshadri Sreedhara
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Soot Particle

Effect of Particle Size Distribution on the Deep-Bed Capture Efficiency of an Exhaust Particulate Filter

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Viswanathan ◽  
Stephen S. Sakai ◽  
Mitchell Hageman ◽  
David E. Foster ◽  
Todd Fansler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Filter Loading ◽  
Particle Sizer ◽  
The Impact

The exhaust filtration analysis system (EFA) developed at the University of Wisconsin – Madison was used to perform micro-scale filtration experiments on cordierite filter samples using particulate matter (PM) generated by a spark-ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine fueled with gasoline. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was used to characterize running conditions with four distinct particle size distributions (PSDs). The distributions selected differed in the relative number of accumulation versus nucleation mode particles. The SMPS and an engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS) were used to simultaneously measure the PSD downstream of the EFA and the real-time particulate emissions from the SIDI engine to determine the evolution of filtration efficiency during filter loading. Cordierite filter samples with properties representative of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) were loaded with PM from the different engine operating conditions. The results were compared to understand the impact of particle size distribution on filtration performance as well as the role of accumulation mode particles on the diffusion capture of PM. The most penetrating particle size (MPPS) was observed to decrease as a result of particle deposition within the filter substrate. In the absence of a soot cake, the penetration of particles smaller than 70 nm was seen to gradually increase with time, potentially due to increased velocities in the filter as flow area reduces during filter loading, or due to decreasing wall area for capture of particles by diffusion. Particle re-entrainment was not observed for any of the operating conditions.

Investigation of Soot Concentration and Particle Size Distribution on a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Stumpf ◽  
Sascha Merkel ◽  
Peter Eckert ◽  
Uwe Wagner ◽  
Amin Velji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Soot Concentration ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Injection Pressures

The purpose of this study was the characterization of the size distribution and the concentration of the particles emitted by diesel engines under various speed and load points, and different injection pressures. Fine and ultrafine particles emitted by modern diesel engines, in particular those with sizes below 100 nm, are of significant importance for the human health, since the latter are respirable and may have therefore negative effects. The investigations described in this paper provide an insight into the formation of soot particles in the combustion chamber and their number concentration and size distribution in the exhaust gas pipe. The experiments were performed on a single cylinder diesel engine. For the purpose of comparability to multi cylinder engines, the crankshaft drive, the liner, the piston and the cylinder head were based on a heavy duty production engine. The engine was operated with a common rail injection system which was controlled by an electronic control device that offered several degrees of freedom regarding number, duration and timing of the single injections. During the investigations the engine was operated at several speed and load points with and without pilot injection. The in-cylinder soot concentration was measured crank angle resolved with the two-color-method. The Filter-Smoke-Number (FSN) and the NOx concentration were determined in the exhaust gas. Furthermore the particle number and the particle size distribution were measured by means of a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). The main focus of the experiments was on the investigation of the in-cylinder soot concentration and the particle size distribution running the engine at several injection pressures during different engine speed/load configurations. In order to obtain a potential correlation to common exhaust gas quantification methods, the Filter-Smoke-Number was measured simultaneously. The results of the experiments provide knowledge which is of eminent importance with respect to further diesel combustion development with regard to both the soot concentration and the soot particle properties.

Rape Seed Oil B100 Diesel Engine Particulate Emissions: The Influence of Intake Oxygen on Particle Size Distribution

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ali. Hadavi ◽  
Hu Li ◽  
Patrick Biller ◽  
Amanda Lea-Langton ◽  
Gordon Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Rape Seed

Particulate emissions from large-scale medium-speed diesel engines: 2. Chemical composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 2116-2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Sarvi ◽  
Jussi Lyyränen ◽  
Jorma Jokiniemi ◽  
Ron Zevenhoven
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Medium Speed

Emissions From Various Biodiesel Sources Compared to a Range of Diesel Fuels in DPF Equipped Diesel Engines

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Williams ◽  
Jonathan Burton ◽  
Earl Christensen ◽  
Robert L. McCormick ◽  
John Tester
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
Particle Count ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Total Particle

The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of various sources of petroleum-based and bio-based diesel fuels on regulated emissions and fuel economy in diesel particulate filter (DPF) equipped diesel engines. Two model year 2008 diesel engines were tested with nine fuels including a certification ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD), local ULSD, high aromatic ULSD, low aromatic ULSD, and twenty percent blends of biodiesel derived from algae, camelina, soy, tallow, and yellow grease. Regulated emissions were measured over the heavy duty diesel transient test cycle. Measurements were also made of DPF-out particle size distribution and total particle count from a 13-mode steady state test using a fast mobility particle sizer. Test engines were a 2008 Cummins ISB and a 2008 International Maxx Force 10, both equipped with actively regenerated DPFs. Fuel consumption was roughly 2% greater over the transient test cycle for the B20 blends versus certification ULSD in both engines, consistent with the slightly lower energy content of biodiesel. Unlike studies conducted on older model engines, these engines equipped with diesel oxidation catalysts and DPFs showed small or no measurable fuel effect on the tailpipe emissions of total hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM). No differences in particle size distribution or total particle count were seen in a comparison of certification ULSD and B20 soy, with the exception of engine idling conditions where B20 produced a small reduction in the number of nucleation mode particles. In the Cummins engine, B20 prepared from algae, camelina, soy, and tallow resulted in an approximately 2.5% increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) compared to the base fuel. The International engine demonstrated a higher degree of variability for NOx emissions, and fuel effects could not be resolved (p > 0.05). The group of petroleum diesel test fuels produced a range of NOx emissions very similar to that caused by blending of biodiesel. Test cycles where an active regeneration of the DPF occurred resulted in a nearly threefold increase in NOx emissions and a 15% increase in fuel consumption. The full quantification of DPF regeneration events further complicates the accurate calculation of fuel impacts on emissions and fuel consumption.

Particle size distribution in wort during large scale brewhouse operations

AIChE Journal ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1373-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kühbeck ◽  
W. Back ◽  
M. Krottenthaler ◽  
T. Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Large Scale
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