Production of lower alkenes and light fuels by gas phase oxidative cracking of heavy hydrocarbons

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 649-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiou Zhu ◽  
Xuebin Liu ◽  
Qingjie Ge ◽  
Wenzhao Li ◽  
Hengyong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Heavy Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oxidative Cracking ◽  
Gas Phase Oxidative Cracking

Light Alkenes Preparation by the Gas Phase Oxidative Cracking or Catalytic Oxidative Cracking of High Hydrocarbons

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuebin Liu ◽  
Wenzhao Li ◽  
Haiou Zhu ◽  
Qingjie Ge ◽  
Yanxin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Light Alkenes ◽  
Catalytic Oxidative Cracking ◽  
Oxidative Cracking ◽  
Gas Phase Oxidative Cracking

Gas-phase oxidative cracking of ethane in a nitrogen atmosphere

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Magomedov ◽  
A. Yu. Proshina ◽  
V. S. Arutyunov
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Oxidative Cracking ◽  
Gas Phase Oxidative Cracking

Effects of the gas medium and heterogeneous factors on the gas-phase oxidative cracking of ethane

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Magomedov ◽  
A. Yu. Proshina ◽  
B. V. Peshnev ◽  
V. S. Arutyunov
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Oxidative Cracking ◽  
Gas Medium ◽  
Gas Phase Oxidative Cracking

Kinetics of oxidative cracking of n-hexane to olefins over VOx/Ce-Al2O3under gas phase oxygen-free environment

AIChE Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
AbdAlwadood H. Elbadawi ◽  
Muhammad Y. Khan ◽  
Mohammad R. Quddus ◽  
Shaikh A. Razzak ◽  
Mohammad M. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Oxidative Cracking ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Kinetics Of

Ignition and Combustion of Heavy Hydrocarbons Using an Aerosol Shock-Tube Approach

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Rotavera ◽  
Nolan Polley ◽  
Eric L. Petersen ◽  
Kara Scheu ◽  
Mark Crofton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Shock Tube ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Heavy Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gaseous Oxidizer ◽  
Ignition Delay Times ◽  
Delay Times

Results from a heterogeneous shock-tube approach recently demonstrated at Texas A&M University, wherein a hydrocarbon fuel is introduced in liquid phase with gaseous oxidizer, are presented. The shock tube has been designed for controlled measurement of ignition delay times, sooting phenomena, radical species concentrations, time-dependent species profiles, and nanoparticle-aided combustion using heavy hydrocarbons which are difficult to study using the traditional shock tube approach. Aerosol is generated in a high-vacuum manifold positioned 4-m from the endwall where optical and pressure-based diagnostics are stationed. The approach reduces the propensity for fuel-film deposition near the endwall avoiding optical and/or kinetic disturbances that could result. The aerosol enters the shock tube initially as a two-phase flow of liquid fuel and gaseous oxidizer/inert gas. Liquid droplets partially evaporate while resident in the shock tube, prior to shock wave generation, and are then completely vaporized behind the incident shock wave. Behind the reflected shock wave, then, resides a pure gas-phase fuel and oxidizer mixture. The primary benefit of the aerosol shock tube approach is the ability to inject fuels of low vapor pressure at high or low concentrations. The classic shock-tube approach introduces gas-phase constituents only, and has difficulty accommodating low vapor-pressure liquids, except when component partial pressures are much lower than what is usually required. In the present work, n-heptane aerosol (C7H16, Pvap, 20 °C ∼ 35 torr), was generated with O2/Ar carrier gas and dispersed in the shock tube in a uniform manner. Stoichiometric ignition delay times with temperature varied from 1240 K to 1600 K and pressure maintained near 2.0 atm are compared to gas-phase data at similar conditions and a chemical kinetic model for heptane combustion. Excellent agreement was found between the two-phase aerosol approach and the classical method involving vapor-phase n-heptane and pre-mixed gases. The measured activation energy for the stoichiometric mixture at 2.0 atm (EA = 42.3 kcal /mol), obtained with the two-phase technique, compares well with the literature value.

scholarly journals Theoretical Thermodynamic Study of Crude Extraction by Isentropic Relaxation of Natural Gas

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Pierre Jean-Marie R. Dablé ◽  
Gilles G. Dakoury ◽  
Benjamin Yao ◽  
Ado Gossan ◽  
Charles A. Ezouah
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Physicochemical Property ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Thermodynamic Study ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Heavy Hydrocarbons ◽  
Turbo Expander

The process of crude extraction consists of removing the heavy hydrocarbons from natural gas resulting from the layers. The extraction is carried out by the cooling process of the gas phase, to reach the heavy hydrocarbons points of condensation and allow their extraction from the gas phase. This operation is also undertaken using the paraffin oils physicochemical property of heavy molecules absorption. The study of a process based on the cooling of natural gas carried out by using a turbo expander ensuring isentropic relaxation, appears conclusive. This process converts the energy of relaxation into energy of compression. The cycle of the treatment proposed permits to confer the physical characteristics to the gas which modify its chemical composition returning it by the same time purified from heavy hydrocarbons. This process has the advantage of being definitely less expensive in energy; 22 KwH instead of 427 KwH for crude extraction from the same gas phase by the cooling process.

Residual Gas Reactions in the Electron Microscope: I. Qualitative Observations on the Water Gas Reaction

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Richard E. Hartman ◽  
Roberta S. Hartman ◽  
Peter L. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Residual Gas ◽  
Gas Reactions ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
Thinning Rate

The action of water and the electron beam on organic specimens in the electron microscope results in the removal of oxidizable material (primarily hydrogen and carbon) by reactions similar to the water gas reaction .which has the form:The energy required to force the reaction to the right is supplied by the interaction of the electron beam with the specimen.The mass of water striking the specimen is given by:where u = gH2O/cm2 sec, PH2O = partial pressure of water in Torr, & T = absolute temperature of the gas phase. If it is assumed that mass is removed from the specimen by a reaction approximated by (1) and that the specimen is uniformly thinned by the reaction, then the thinning rate in A/ min iswhere x = thickness of the specimen in A, t = time in minutes, & E = efficiency (the fraction of the water striking the specimen which reacts with it).

Integration of Core-Edge Spectroscopy Methods for the Study of Polymers

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
E. G. Rightor
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Core Electron ◽  
Bulk Solids ◽  
Development Application

Core edge spectroscopy methods are versatile tools for investigating a wide variety of materials. They can be used to probe the electronic states of materials in bulk solids, on surfaces, or in the gas phase. This family of methods involves promoting an inner shell (core) electron to an excited state and recording either the primary excitation or secondary decay of the excited state. The techniques are complimentary and have different strengths and limitations for studying challenging aspects of materials. The need to identify components in polymers or polymer blends at high spatial resolution has driven development, application, and integration of results from several of these methods.

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