Tree species traits are the predominant control on the decomposition rate of tree log bark in a mesic old-growth boreal forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 377 ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Shorohova ◽  
Ekaterina Kapitsa ◽  
Igor Kazartsev ◽  
Ivan Romashkin ◽  
Aleksei Polevoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Old Growth

Tekstura drzewostanów naturalnych w polskich parkach narodowych na tle teorii dynamiki lasu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Bartkowicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Gap Dynamics ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Patch Mosaic

The aim of the study was to compare a patch-mosaic pattern in the old-growth forest stands developed in various climate and soil conditions occurring in different regions of Poland. Based on the assumption, that the patch-mosaic pattern in the forest reflect the dynamic processes taking place in it, and that each type of forest ecosystem is characterized by a specific regime of natural disturbances, the following hypotheses were formulated: (i) the patches with a complex structure in stands composed of latesuccessional, shade-tolerant tree species are more common than those composed of early-successional, light-demanding ones, (ii) the patch-mosaic pattern is more heterogeneous in optimal forest site conditions than in extreme ones, (iii) in similar site conditions differentiation of the stand structure in distinguished patches is determined by the successional status of the tree species forming a given patch, (iv) the successional trends leading to changes of species composition foster diversification of the patch structure, (v) differentiation of the stand structure is negatively related to their local basal area, especially in patches with a high level of its accumulation. Among the best-preserved old-growth forest remaining under strict protection in the Polish national parks, nineteen research plots of around 10 ha each were selected. In each plot, a grid (50 × 50 m) of circular sample subplots (with radius 12,62 m) was established. In the sample subplots, species and diameter at breast height of living trees (dbh ≥ 7 cm) were determined. Subsequently, for each sample subplot, several numerical indices were calculated: local basal area (G), dbh structure differentiation index (STR), climax index (CL) and successional index (MS). Statistical tests of Kruskal- Wallis, Levene and Generalized Additive Models (GAM) were used to verify the hypotheses. All examined forests were characterized by a large diversity of stand structure. A particularly high frequency of highly differentiated patches (STR > 0,6) was recorded in the alder swamp forest. The patch mosaic in the examined plots was different – apart from the stands with a strongly pronounced mosaic character (especially subalpine spruce forests), there were also stands with high spatial homogeneity (mainly fir forests). The stand structure in the distinguished patches was generally poorly related to the other studied features. Consequently, all hypotheses were rejected. These results indicate a very complex, mixed pattern of forest natural dynamics regardless of site conditions. In beech forests and lowland multi-species deciduous forests, small-scale disturbances of the gap dynamics type dominate, which are overlapped with less frequent medium-scale disturbances. In more difficult site conditions, large-scale catastrophic disturbances, which occasionally appear in communities formed under the influence of gap dynamics (mainly spruce forests) or cohort dynamics (mainly pine forests), gain importance.

scholarly journals Partitioning mortality into growth-dependent and growth-independent hazards across 203 tropical tree species

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (49) ◽  
pp. 12459-12464 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Camac ◽  
Richard Condit ◽  
Richard G. FitzJohn ◽  
Lachlan McCalman ◽  
Daniel Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Barro Colorado Island ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Variation Explained

Tree death drives population dynamics, nutrient cycling, and evolution within plant communities. Mortality variation across species is thought to be influenced by different factors relative to variation within species. The unified model provided here separates mortality rates into growth-dependent and growth-independent hazards. This model creates the opportunity to simultaneously estimate these hazards both across and within species. Moreover, it provides the ability to examine how species traits affect growth-dependent and growth-independent hazards. We derive this unified mortality model using cross-validated Bayesian methods coupled with mortality data collected over three census intervals for 203 tropical rainforest tree species at Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. We found that growth-independent mortality tended to be higher in species with lower wood density, higher light requirements, and smaller maximum diameter at breast height (dbh). Mortality due to marginal carbon budget as measured by near-zero growth rate tended to be higher in species with lower wood density and higher light demand. The total mortality variation attributable to differences among species was large relative to variation explained by these traits, emphasizing that much remains to be understood. This additive hazards model strengthens our capacity to parse and understand individual-level mortality in highly diverse tropical forests and hence to predict its consequences.

Forest age and management effects on epiphytic bryophyte communities in Adirondack northern hardwood forests, New York, U.S.A.

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1562-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory G McGee ◽  
Robin W Kimmerer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forests ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Host Tree Species

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of substrate heterogeneity on epiphytic bryophyte communities in northern hardwood forests of varying disturbance histories. Specifically, we compared bryophyte abundance (m2·ha–1) and community composition among partially cut; maturing, 90- to 100-year-old, even-aged; and old-growth northern hardwood stands in Adirondack Park, New York, U.S.A. Total bryophyte cover from 0 to 1.5 m above ground level on trees [Formula: see text]10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) did not differ among the three stand types. However, bryophyte community composition differed among host tree species and among stand types. Communities in partially cut and maturing stands were dominated by xerophytic bryophytes (Platygyrium repens, Frullania eboracensis, Hypnum pallescens, Brachythecium reflexum, Ulota crispa), while old-growth stands contained a greater representation of calcicoles and mesophytic species (Brachythecium oxycladon, Anomodon rugelii, Porella platyphylloidea, Anomodon attenuatus, Leucodon brachypus, Neckera pennata). This mesophyte-calcicole assemblage occurred in all stand types but was limited by the abundance of large-diameter (>50 cm DBH), thick-barked, hardwood host trees (Acer saccharum Marsh., Tilia americana L., Fraxinus americana L.). This study suggested that epiphytic bryophyte diversity can be sustained and enhanced in managed northern hardwood forests by maintaining host tree species diversity and retaining large or old, thick-barked residual hardwood stems when applying even-aged and uneven-aged silviculture systems.

Impact of high daytime air humidity on nutrient uptake and night-time water flux in silver birch, a boreal forest tree species

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2149-2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priit Kupper ◽  
Gristin Rohula ◽  
Liina Inno ◽  
Ivika Ostonen ◽  
Arne Sellin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Forest Tree Species

Gap-phase dynamics and coexistence of a long-lived pioneer and shade-tolerant tree species in the canopy of an old-growth coastal temperate rain forest of Chiloé Island, Chile

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1674-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro G. Gutiérrez ◽  
Juan Carlos Aravena ◽  
Natalia V. Carrasco-Farías ◽  
Duncan A. Christie ◽  
Mauricio Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Phase Dynamics ◽  
Temperate Rain Forest ◽  
Gap Phase

OCCURRENCE OF CARABID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) IN A BOREAL FOREST DAMAGED BY FIRE

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Richardson ◽  
N. J. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Habitat Change ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps

AbstractFifteen months after an intense forest fire, the fauna of carabid beetles in burnt and unburnt sites was sampled using pitfall traps to detect the indirect effects of fire on carabids caused by habitat change. Traps were installed in burnt and unburnt sites in which the dominant tree species before the fire was either spruce or aspen. The most commonly caught species was Pterostichus pensylvanicus which was captured more frequently in unburnt sites, but was not affected by dominant tree species; a similar pattern of distribution of captures was found for Carabus taedatus. Harpalus laticeps was captured only in burnt sites. P. lucublandus and Dicaelus sculptilis upioides were most commonly caught in the unburnt aspen site, while Pterostichus adstrictus was most commonly caught in the burnt spruce site.

scholarly journals Relationships between Structural Indices and Conventional Stand Attributes in an Old-Growth Forest in Southeast Europe

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srđan Keren ◽  
Miroslav Svoboda ◽  
Pavel Janda ◽  
Thomas A. Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Stand Attributes ◽  
Structural Indices

Structural indices are often proposed as guiding measures for increasing structural heterogeneity. However, few studies have examined the association between such indices and conventional stand attributes. The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate changes in structural heterogeneity and tree species diversity at different plot sizes and to quantify the relationships between conventional stand attributes (mean tree diameter, absolute tree density, basal area, species proportion) and structural indices in a mixed old-growth forest in Southeast Europe. Paired tests were used to identify significant changes in structural heterogeneity with increased plot area, while the relationships between stand attributes and analyzed indices (Gini, diameter differentiation, species mingling, and Shannon’s index) were evaluated with Pearson’s correlations. The index values of Gini, diameter differentiation, and tree species mingling were rather stable with the increase of plot size, whereas tree species diversity increased significantly with the increase of plot area from 200 m2 to 1500 m2. The measures of tree species mingling and tree species diversity were strongly associated with each other, while their association with diameter variability was weak to moderately strong. Tree species mingling index was strongly associated with the changes in tree species proportions. However, conventional stand attributes were generally not strongly correlated with the examined indices. For restoring and maintaining old-growth characteristics, forest managers may use structural indices to increase small-scale structural heterogeneity, tree species mingling, and diversity, but only as an additional set of measures, not as surrogates for conventional stand attributes.

scholarly journals Species Association of the Dominant Tree Species in an Old-Growth Forest and Implications for Enrichment Planting for the Restoration of Natural Degraded Forest in Subtropical China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Zhu ◽  
Wang ◽  
Ma ◽  
Meng
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Species Association ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Enrichment Planting ◽  
Adult Trees

Subtropical natural forests are unique due to their ecological and economic functions. However, most of these forests are highly degraded, which impairs the ability to provide ecological and economic benefits. Enrichment planting is an important approach to restore natural degraded forests. Species arrangement is of great importance to inform enrichment planting. Species association refers to the interrelationship of different species occupying a habitat and is a static description of the organic connection formed by the interaction of species. Species association, therefore, provides a scientific basis for species arrangement in enrichment planting. Additionally, because an old-growth forest is a climax community that has attained great age without significant disturbance, the species association in an old-growth forest can provide valuable information on the reference conditions for forest management. In this study, the species association between dominant tree species (including saplings and adult trees) was investigated in an old-growth forest in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve in Zhejiang province in subtropical China. The objective of the study was to inform species arrangement for enrichment planting. The result showed that the overall species association exhibited a significant net positive association, indicating a dynamic balance of stable structure and species composition in the old-growth forest. Additionally, the pairwise species association was examined using the χ2 test, the Dice index, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient; significant positive and negative pairwise species associations were detected. Based on the species association and the light requirements of the tree species, an optimal species arrangement was determined to support enrichment planting for restoring natural degraded forests. It is expected that the results of this study will contribute to the restoration of natural degraded forests in subtropical China.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document