Age, competition, disturbance and elevation effects on tree and stand growth response of primary Picea abies forest to climate

2015 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irantzu Primicia ◽  
Jesús Julio Camarero ◽  
Pavel Janda ◽  
Vojtĕch Čada ◽  
Robert C. Morrissey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Stand Growth

Stem-growth response of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies to nitrogen fertilization as related to needle nitrogen concentration

Trees ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Sikström ◽  
Hans-Örjan Nohrstedt ◽  
Folke Pettersson ◽  
Staffan Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Stem Growth

scholarly journals Drainage and Stand Growth Response in Peatland Forests—Description, Testing, and Application of Mechanistic Peatland Simulator SUSI

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Ari Laurén ◽  
Marjo Palviainen ◽  
Samuli Launiainen ◽  
Kersti Leppä ◽  
Leena Stenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Network Maintenance ◽  
Potassium Supply

Drainage is an essential prerequisite in peatland forest management, which generally, but not always, increases stand growth. Growth response depends on weather conditions, stand and site characteristics, management and biogeochemical processes. We constructed a SUSI-simulator (SUoSImulaattori, in Finnish), which describes hydrology, stand growth and nutrient availability under different management, site types and weather conditions. In the model development and sensitivity analysis, we used water table (WT) and stand growth data from 11 Scots pine stands. The simulator was validated against a larger dataset collected from boreal drained peatlands in Finland. In validation, SUSI was shown to predict WT and stand growth well. Stand growth was mainly limited by inadequate potassium supply, and in Sphagnum peats by low oxygen availability. Model application was demonstrated for ditch network maintenance (DNM) by comparing stand growth with shallow (−0.3 m) and deep ditches (−0.9 m): The growth responses varied between 0.5 and 3.5 m3 ha−1 in five years, which is comparable to experimental results. SUSI can promote sustainable peatland management and help in avoiding unnecessary drainage operations and associated environmental effects, such as increased carbon emissions, peat subsidence, and nutrient leaching. The source code is publicly available, and the modular structure allows model extension to cost–benefit analyses and nutrient export to water courses.

Wood volume increment in thinned, 50- to 55-year-old, mixed-species Allegheny hardwoods

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Wood Volume ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Volume Increment

A thinning study in 50- to 55-year-old, even-aged, mixed species Allegheny hardwoods produced highly variable merchantable stemwood volume increment responses. Regression equations relating parameters of stand growth (ingrowth, mortality, survivor growth, net growth, and gross growth) to relative stand density had R2 values ranging from 0.07 to 0.48. When study plots with similar pretreatment species composition were assigned to four groups using cluster analysis, R2 values were increased to 0.94–0.99. There were significant differences in the relationships between relative stand density and growth response variables among all plot groups. At all densities, plots with a high percentage of black cherry (Prunusserotina Ehrh.) had the highest volume increment. Plots with a high percentage of black cherry and a low percentage of sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) showed a decrease in volume increment, relatively high ingrowth, and relatively low mortality with a decrease in relative stand density. Plots with a high percentage of sugar maple and low percentage of black cherry showed an increase in volume increment, relatively low ingrowth, and relatively high mortality with decreases in relative stand density. Guidelines for thinning Allegheny hardwoods recommend a residual relative stand density of 60%. These guidelines may need to be revised to incorporate considerations of species composition. Stands of pole-size to small sawtimber-size trees dominated by black cherry may require a residual density higher than 60% to maximize the volume increment of merchantable stemwood. The volume increment in similarly structured stands dominated by sugar maple might be maximized at densities lower than 60%.

scholarly journals Exploring the growth response of Norway spruce (Picea abies) along a small-scale gradient of soil water supply

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inken Rabbel ◽  
Burkhard Neuwirth ◽  
Heye Bogena ◽  
Bernd Diekkrüger
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Small Scale

scholarly journals Comparing Tree and Stand Volume Growth Response to Low and Crown Thinning in Young Natural Douglas-fir Stands

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm Emmingham ◽  
Rick Fletcher ◽  
Stephen Fitzgerald ◽  
Max Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Oregon Coast Range ◽  
Oregon Coast ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Crown Thinning ◽  
Well Differentiated

Abstract We consider tree and stand response to low, crown, and no thinningof well-differentiated, naturally regenerated even-aged Douglas-firstands over 15 years on a moderately productive Cascade Mountains siteand over 10 years on a highly productive Oregon Coast Range site.Regardless of treatment, trees in dominant and codominant crown classescontinued growing at preinitiation rates and contributed 92–100% ofstand growth 5–15 years later. Most leave trees in suppressed crownclasses died during the first 10 years and suppressed and intermediatecrown classes contributed little to stand growth because survivorscontinued to grow slowly. Low thinning remains the most reliablethinning method for increasing stand volume in high-quality trees.Crown or selection thinning may be used to achieve certain objectivesif managers carefully use information about response of trees invarious crown classes. Growth rates of residual stands will depend onthe amount of residual growing stock and the degree to which it iscomprised of vigorously growing dominant and codominant trees.Residual subordinate trees may provide snags but few living trees insmall-diameter classes. Implications for management of the Douglas-firare discussed.

Causal links between drainage and forest growth response in boreal peatlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Laurén ◽  
Marjo Palviainen ◽  
Samuli Launiainen ◽  
Kersti Haahti ◽  
Stenberg Leena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Management Schemes

<p>Drainage is considered as an essential pre-requisite in management of peatland forests, and it generally increases stand growth. So far, the primary reasons behind the growth response are not fully understood. The explanation must be linked to direct or indirect growth factors, such as the supply of radiation, water, oxygen, and nutrients. Applying an empirical dataset consisting of 18 drained Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L.) stands we constructed a causal network linking meteorology and climate variables, site and stand properties, organic matter decomposition, growth regulating factors and biomass growth. The network was analysed using piecewise structural equation models (SEM). The SEM analysis indicated that the stand growth response to drainage is mainly caused by increased supply of nutrients, especially potassium.  Based on this causal model, we constructed a dynamic simulation model called Peatland simulator SUSI. SUSI describes hydrology, stand growth, site carbon balance and stand nutrient supply and demand under different management schemes and under different site types and weather conditions. The simulator was tested against a large independent dataset consisting of 69 stands and 207 plots. SUSI was parameterized according to measured stand and site data and run using daily meteorological data. The simulation revealed that SUSI can predict five-year volume growth of the stand with good accuracy. Because SUSI links the drainage and the growth response in a process level, the model facilitates cost-benefit analyses of the drainage, helps in avoiding unnecessary drainage operations and their adverse environmental effects such as increased carbon emissions, peat subsidence and nutrient leaching. Thus, it can guide in the search for optional, more acceptable management schemes for drained forested peatlands.</p>

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