Fire effects on reptiles and mammals in Ilha Grande National Park (PR/MS), Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. S180
Author(s):  
Letícia Koproski ◽  
Paulo Rogerio Mangini ◽  
José Ricardo Pachaly ◽  
Ronaldo Viana Soares ◽  
Antonio Carlos Batista
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Fire Effects

scholarly journals Spatial Heterogeneity of Burn Severity and First-Year Vegetation Responses Following Fire on Subalpine Plateaus in Yellowstone National Park

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Monica Turner ◽  
Robert Gardner ◽  
William Romme
Keyword(s):  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Natural Fire

The 1988 fires that burned in Yellowstone National Park presented ecologists with a unique opportunity to investigate ecological responses to large-scale fires (Christensen et al. 1989, Knight and Wallace 1989). The Yellowstone fires created an extremely heterogeneous landscape in terms of both the overall burning patterns and the variable fire severity within burned areas. Large fires rarely consume the entire forest because of the influence of wind variations, topography, vegetation type, natural fire breaks, and the time of day that the fire passed through (Rowe and Scotter 1973, Wright and Heinselman 1973, Van Wagner 1983). Direct fire effects such as tree mortality and organic matter consumption are related to locally variable parameters such as moisture content (Brown et al. 1985, Peterson and Ryan 1986, Ryan et al. 1988), and fire severity and return intervals are often strongly influenced by topographic and edaphic variability (Habeck and Mutch 1973, Romme and Knight 1981, Hemstrom and Franklin 1982, Whitney 1986). Therefore, burned landscapes generally contain areas of low as well as high intensity fire, usually in a complex mosaic (Van Wagner 1983). These variable fire intensities result in a heterogeneous pattern of burn severities (effects of fire on the ecosystem), as well as islands of unburned vegetation. The influence of burn severity on plant reestablishment following fire is well documented (e.g., Lyon and Stickney 1976, Rowe and Scotter 1973, Viereck 1983, Ryan and Noste 1985), and the importance of the effects of limited burns and low-intensity fires on the vegetation mosaic has been recognized (Habeck and Mutch 1973, Rowe 1983). However, few studies have dealt explicitly with the spatial variation of fire effects in a systematic and quantitative way.

scholarly journals Effects of different vegetation types on burnt soil properties and microbial communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Speranza C. Panico ◽  
Maria T. Ceccherini ◽  
Valeria Memoli ◽  
Giulia Maisto ◽  
Giacomo Pietramellara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Burnt Soil

The intensive wildfires recurring in the Mediterranean area modify soil physico-chemical properties, in turn inducing changes in soil microbial abundance and activity. Soils were sampled from burnt and adjacent unburnt sites within Vesuvius National Park 1 year after a large wildfire occurred in summer 2017. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of fires on soil characteristics and to investigate whether different plant types contribute to mitigating or enhancing these effects. The results showed lower organic matter and water content and a higher C/N ratio in burnt than in unburnt soils. In particular, this trend was the same for all the plant types investigated, with the exception of soils covered by black locust tree and holm oak, which showed a higher C/N ratio in unburnt than in burnt soils. In soils covered by holm oaks, a shift in the bacterial and fungal fractions occurred between burnt and unburnt soils, whereas the amount of ammonia oxidisers was notably higher in burnt than in unburnt soils covered by black locusts; the highest N concentration was also measured in burnt soils covered by black locusts. The burnt soils showed a lower metabolic quotient and a higher rate of organic carbon mineralisation compared with unburnt soils, and this trend was particularly evident in soils under herbaceous plants. The findings suggest that soils covered by herbaceous species are more sensitive to fire effects and less able to restore their functionality compared with soils covered by trees.

scholarly journals Fire Effects and Fire History of Mesa Verde National Park

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
Lisa Floyd-Hanna ◽  
Ken Heil ◽  
Bill Romme
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Pinus Edulis ◽  
Juniperus Osteosperma ◽  
The North ◽  
Mesa Verde ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quercus Gambelii

Mesa Verde consists of a series of mesas in a north to south trend. The mesa tops are narrow strips, cut by numerous canyons of varying depth. Mesa Verde sandstones, particularly the Cliff House Formation, form the canyon slopes. Long Mesa, an area of focus in this study, has an elevation 2180 m at the south to 2517 m at the north end. Long Canyon cuts down to an elevation of 2133 m. The vegetation on Long Mesa is a mosaic of mature pinon-juniper woodlands and mountain shrub associations. Shrub associations range from Gambels oak, (Quercus gambelii), and serviceberry, (Amelancheir utahensis), to Black Sagebrush, (Artemesia nova), and Bitterbrush, (Purshia tridentata). Although there is a body of information concerned with the effect of fire on pinon-juniper woodlands, there are no adequate studies of the shrub-rich pinon­juniper ecosystem of Colorado. Succession following fire was documented by Erdman (1970) in Mesa Verde National Park. He reported that annuals dominate initially, then perennial grasses and forbs, followed by shrub invasion. The open shrub stage becomes a "thicket" approximately 100 years after the fire. The shrubs, he suggests, are outcompeted by pinon (Pinus edulis) and juniper trees (Juniperus osteosperma), which dominate by about 300 years.

scholarly journals Continuous 1985–2012 Landsat Monitoring to Assess Fire Effects on Meadows in Yosemite National Park, California

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Soulard ◽  
Christine Albano ◽  
Miguel Villarreal ◽  
Jessica Walker
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Yosemite National Park

Assessing fire effects on forest spatial structure using a fusion of Landsat and airborne LiDAR data in Yosemite National Park

2014 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van R. Kane ◽  
Malcolm P. North ◽  
James A. Lutz ◽  
Derek J. Churchill ◽  
Susan L. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Yosemite National Park ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

The effect of fire severity level on postfire recovery of hazel and raspberry in east-central Alberta

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Johnston ◽  
Paul Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
East Central ◽  
Corylus Cornuta ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
In Fire

A study of the effects of fire on the regrowth of beaked hazel (Corylus cornuta Marsh.) and wild red raspberry (Rubus strigosus Michx.) was carried out in Elk Island National Park, Alberta. Shrubs growing under an aspen stand were subjected to five levels of fire severity by artificially adjusting the fuel load on small plots within a larger prescribed fire. Effects studied included mortality, number of stem sprouts, height growth of sprouts, and number of leaves per sprout, all during the first growing season, and biomass after the second season. Generally, fire killed the shrub stems at all severity levels. Variation in fire severity had little significant effect on regrowth, except that lower levels seemed to favor higher numbers of hazel sprouts and increased raspberry height growth.

scholarly journals Fire Effects and Fire History of Mesa Verde National Park

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Lisa Floyd-Hanna ◽  
Bill Romme
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
The North ◽  
Mesa Verde ◽  
History Of

Mesa Verde consists of a series of mesas in a north to south trend. The mesa tops are narrow strips, cut by numerous canyons of varying depth. Mesa Verde sandstones, particularly the Cliff House Formation, form the canyon slopes. Long Mesa, an area of focus in this study, has an elevation 2180 m at the south to 2517 m at the north end. Long Canyon cuts down to an elevation of 2133 m. The vegetation on Long Mesa is a mosaic of mature pinon-juniper woodlands and mountain shrub associations. Shrub associations range from Gambels oak, (Quercus gambelii), and serviceberry, (Amelancheir utahensis), to Black Sagebrush, Artemesia nova), and Bitterbrush, (Purshia tridentata). Although there is a body of information concerned with the effect of fire on pinon-juniper woodlands, there are no adequate studies of the shrub-rich pinon-juniper ecosystem of Colorado. Succession following fire was documented by Erdman (1970) in Mesa Verde National Park. He reported that annuals dominate initially, then perennial grasses and forbs, followed by shrub invasion. The open shrub stage becomes a "thicket" approximately 100 years after the fire. The shrubs, he suggests, are outcompeted by pinon and juniper trees, which dominate by about 300 years. Fire and its relationship to resource management in Mesa Verde Park has been outlined by Omi and Emrick (1980). Focus was given to succession (cover and frequency of grass and shrub elements) following the 1873, 1934, and 1972 fires, and models predict the possibilities of control over moderate and severe fires in various vegetation classes within the Park. The study was concerned primarily with the nature of fire behavior and various fire-related management tools for use by Resource Management personnel.

scholarly journals The Effect of Surface Fire in Savannah Systems in the Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa, on the Backscatter of C-Band Sentinel-1 Images

Fire ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Renaud Mathieu ◽  
Russell Main ◽  
David P. Roy ◽  
Laven Naidoo ◽  
Hannah Yang
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Surface Fire ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Surface Fires ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Savannahs are mixed woody-grass communities where low-intensity surface fires are common, affecting mostly the grass layer and rarely damaging trees. We investigated the effect of surface fires in a savannah system in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, on the backscatter of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) C-band Sentinel-1A images. Pre-fire and post-fire dual polarized (VH, VV) C-band backscatter values were examined for 30 burn events. For all events, a systematic backscatter decrease from pre-fire to post-fire conditions was observed, with mean backscatter decreases of 1.61 dB and 0.99 dB for VH and VV, respectively. A total of 90% and 75% of the burn events showed a decrease in VH and VV backscatter greater than 0.43 dB, the overall absolute radiometric of Sentinel-1A products. The VH data were, overall, 1.7 times more sensitive to surface fire effects than the VV data. C-band data are likely sensitive to a reduction in grass biomass typical of surface fires, as well as in grass/soil moisture levels. Early season fires had higher backscatter decreases due to greater early season moisture conditions. For region with more than 30% woody cover, the effect of fire on the C-band backscatter was reduced. Denser woody communities tend to produce lower grass fuel load and less intense surface fires, and limit the penetration of C-band microwaves to the ground where most savannah fires and associated effects occur. This research provides evidence that C-band space-borne SAR is sensitive to the effects of surface-level fires in southern African savannahs. The unique availability of frequent and spatially detailed C-band data from the Sentinel-1 SAR constellation provide new opportunities for burned area mapping and systematic monitoring in savannahs systems, for instance, for fine-scale fire propagation studies.

scholarly journals Do Wildfires Cause Changes in Soil Quality in the Short Term?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5343
Author(s):  
Valeria Memoli ◽  
Speranza Claudia Panico ◽  
Lucia Santorufo ◽  
Rossella Barile ◽  
Gabriella Di Natale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
National Park ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Definition Of

Wildfires have high frequency and intensity in the Mediterranean ecosystems that deeply modify the soil abiotic (i.e., pH, contents of water, organic matter and elements) and biotic properties (i.e., biomass and activity). In 2017, an intense wildfire occurred inside the Vesuvius National Park (Southern Italy), destroying approximately 50% of the existing plant cover. So, the research aimed to evaluate the fire effects on soil quality through single soil abiotic and biotic indicators and through an integrated index (SQI). To achieve the aim, soil samples were collected inside the Vesuvius National Park at 12 sampling field points before fire (BF) and after fire (AF). The findings highlighted that in AF soil, the contents of water and total carbon, element availability, respiration and the dehydrogenase activity were lower than in BF soil; in contrast, pH and hydrolase activity were significantly higher in AF soil. The microbial biomass and activity were affected by Al, Cr and Cu availability in both BF and AF soils. Despite the variations in each investigated soil abiotic and biotic property that occurred in AF soil, the overall soil quality did not significantly differ as compared to that calculated for the BF soil. The findings provide a contribution to the baseline definition of the properties and quality of burnt soil and highlight the short-term effects of fire on volcanic soil in the Mediterranean area.

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