Long-term fire history and high-resolution remote sensing based fuel assessment: Key elements for fire and landscape management in nature conservation areas

2006 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. S212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Allgöwer ◽  
Markus Stähli ◽  
Michael Bur ◽  
Nikos Koutsias ◽  
Benjamin Koetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Nature Conservation ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Conservation Areas

Multi-scale analysis of landslide occurrence and evolution using optical and radar time series

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Roessner ◽  
Robert Behling ◽  
Mahdi Motagh ◽  
Hans Ulrich-wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Time Series ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Hazard And Risk

<p>Landslides represent a worldwide natural hazard and often occur as cascading effects related to triggering events, such as earthquakes and hydrometeorological extremes. Recent examples are the Kaikoura earthquake in New Zealand (November 2016), the Gorkha earthquake in Nepal (April/May 2015), and the Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan (August 2009) as well as less intense rainfall events persisting over unusually long periods of time as observed for Central Asia (spring 2017) and Iran (spring 2019). Each of these events has caused thousands of landslides that account substantially to the primary disaster’s impact. Moreover, their initial failure usually represents the onset of long-term progressing slope destabilization leading to multiple reactivations and thus to long-term increased hazard and risk. Therefore, regular systematic high-resolution monitoring of landslide prone regions is of key importance for characterization, understanding and modelling of spatiotemporal landslide evolution in the context of different triggering and predisposing settings. Because of the large extent of the affected areas of up to several ten thousands km<sup>2</sup>, the use of multi-temporal and multi-scale remote sensing methods is of key importance for large area process analysis. In this context, new opportunities have opened up with the increasing availability of satellite remote sensing data of suitable spatial and temporal resolution (Sentinels, Planet) as well as the advances in UAV based very high resolution monitoring and mapping.</p><p>During the last decade, we have been pursuing extensive methodological developments in remote sensing based time series analysis including optical and radar observations with the goal of performing large area and at the same time detailed spatiotemporal analysis of landslide prone regions. These developments include automated post-failure landslide detection and mapping as well as assessment of the kinematics of pre- and post-failure slope evolution.  Our combined optical and radar remote sensing approaches aim at an improved understanding of spatiotemporal dynamics and complexities related to evolution of landslide prone slopes at different spatial and temporal scales.  In this context, we additionally integrate UAV-based observation for deriving volumetric changes also related to globally available DEM products, such as SRTM and ALOS.  </p><p>We present results for selected settings comprising large area co-seismic landslide occurrence related to the Kaikoura 2016 and the Nepal 2015 earthquakes. For the latter one we also analyzed annual pre- and post-seismic monsoon related landslide activity contributing to a better understanding of the interplay between these main triggering factors. Moreover, we report on ten years of large area systematic landslide monitoring in Southern Kyrgyzstan resulting in a multi-temporal regional landslide inventory of so far unprecedented spatiotemporal detail and completeness forming the basis for further analysis of the obtained landslide concentration patterns. We also present first results of our analysis of landslides triggered by intense rainfall and flood events in spring of 2019 in the North of Iran. We conclude that in all cases, the obtained results are crucial for improved landslide prediction and reduction of future landslide impact. Thus, our methodological developments represent an important contribution towards improved hazard and risk assessment as well as rapid mapping and early warning</p>

scholarly journals Long-Term Regional Estimates of Evapotranspiration for Mexico Based on Downscaled ISCCP Data

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Sheffield ◽  
Eric F. Wood ◽  
Francisco Munoz-Arriola
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
North American ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Spatial Average ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
The North ◽  
True Value

Abstract The development and evaluation of a long-term high-resolution dataset of potential and actual evapotranspiration for Mexico based on remote sensing data are described. Evapotranspiration is calculated using a modified version of the Penman–Monteith algorithm, with input radiation and meteorological data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) and vegetation distribution derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) products. The ISCCP data are downscaled to ⅛° resolution using statistical relationships with data from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). The final product is available at ⅛°, daily, for 1984–2006 for all Mexico. Comparisons are made with the NARR offline land surface model and measurements from approximately 1800 pan stations. The remote sensing estimate follows well the seasonal cycle and spatial pattern of the comparison datasets, with a peak in late summer at the height of the North American monsoon and highest values in low-lying and coastal regions. The spatial average over Mexico is biased low by about 0.3 mm day−1, with a monthly rmse of about 0.5 mm day−1. The underestimation may be related to the lack of a model for canopy evaporation, which is estimated to be up to 30% of total evapotranspiration. Uncertainties in both the remote sensing–based estimates (because of input data uncertainties) and the true value of evapotranspiration (represented by the spread in the comparison datasets) are up to 0.5 and 1.2 mm day−1, respectively. This study is a first step in quantifying the long-term variation in global land evapotranspiration from remote sensing data.

scholarly journals Long-term fire resilience of the Ericaceous Belt, Bale Mountains, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 20190357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela Gil-Romera ◽  
Carole Adolf ◽  
Blas M. Benito ◽  
Lucas Bittner ◽  
Maria U. Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Fire Occurrence ◽  
Controlled Burning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grazing Systems

Fire is the most frequent disturbance in the Ericaceous Belt ( ca 3000–4300 m.a.s.l.), one of the most important plant communities of tropical African mountains. Through resprouting after fire, Erica establishes a positive fire feedback under certain burning regimes. However, present-day human activity in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia includes fire and grazing systems that may have a negative impact on the resilience of the ericaceous ecosystem. Current knowledge of Erica –fire relationships is based on studies of modern vegetation, lacking a longer time perspective that can shed light on baseline conditions for the fire feedback. We hypothesize that fire has influenced Erica communities in the Bale Mountains at millennial time-scales. To test this, we (1) identify the fire history of the Bale Mountains through a pollen and charcoal record from Garba Guracha, a lake at 3950 m.a.s.l., and (2) describe the long-term bidirectional feedback between wildfire and Erica, which may control the ecosystem's resilience. Our results support fire occurrence in the area since ca 14 000 years ago, with particularly intense burning during the early Holocene, 10.8–6.0 cal ka BP. We show that a positive feedback between Erica abundance and fire occurrence was in operation throughout the Lateglacial and Holocene, and interpret the Ericaceous Belt of the Ethiopian mountains as a long-term fire resilient ecosystem. We propose that controlled burning should be an integral part of landscape management in the Bale Mountains National Park.

Long-term hydrological dynamics and fire history over the last 2000 years in CE Europe reconstructed from a high-resolution peat archive

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 138-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Marcisz ◽  
Willy Tinner ◽  
Daniele Colombaroli ◽  
Piotr Kołaczek ◽  
Michał Słowiński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Fire History

Precursory and post-failure analysis of landslide deformation in Danba County, China using optical remote sensing and Multi-temporal InSAR (MTI) methods with corner reflectors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuge Xia ◽  
Mahdi Motagh ◽  
Tao Li
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Landslide Deformation ◽  
Landslide Kinematics

<p>On 17 June 2020, a large debris flow triggered by continuous heavy precipitation hit the Danba County in southwest China, blocked the river and a barrier lake was formed. Meanwhile, on the other side of the river, a large-scale landslide was triggered due to the reactivation of the ancient landslide body. Then an evacuation of more than 20000 people leaving their home town was urgently conducted.<br>This study exploits multi-sensor remote sensing techniques to assess landslide deformation, precursory deformation and post-failure motion of Danba landslide. We start with optical remote sensing images using the cross correlation method to investigate the overall information about this collapse, such as magnitude and moving direction of the sliding. Two high-resolution remote sensing optical images from Planet are processed right before and after the failure.<br>Moreover, we apply the advanced Multi-temporal InSAR (MTI) techniques such as Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) and Small Baseline Subsets (SBAS) to analyze the precursors of the landslide over the long term. Based on the results of optical remote sensing, the descending Sentinel-1 data in 2014-2020 are extensively exploited with a better geometry of satellite observation. The long-term and transient of the deformation are analyzed against variations of precipitation, and then the related early warning systems are further explored.<br>The last stage of the work is the monitoring of current movements in the collapse region after the failure. It is explored by using multiple SAR datasets including C-band Sentinel-1 and X-band TerraSAR-X (TSX) high-resolution SAR images. With the help of the field works by our collaborators, stable artificial corner reflectors (CR) are deployed on selected sites to evaluate their performance in deriving landslide kinematics. Different from the traditional Triangle CR (TCR), the new design of dihedral CR (DCR) are introduced and exploited on the scene. The performance of this new design towards MTI processing and sub-pixel offset-tracking processing is examed and tested in this study. Results are presented and further discussed for a better assessment of Danba landslide.<br>The results of this paper can provide new strategies for developing an early warning system in this landslide using remote sensing technologies. Besides, the post-failure results are compared with the pre-event analysis, which could give an associated and comprehensive understanding of the whole landslide kinematics.</p>

Long-term basin-scale comparison of two high-resolution satellite-based remote sensing datasets for assessing rainfall and erosivity in a basin in the Brazilian semiarid region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Soares de Brito ◽  
Richarde Marques da Silva ◽  
Celso Augusto Guimarães Santos ◽  
Reginaldo Moura Brasil Neto ◽  
Victor Hugo Rabelo Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Basin Scale

scholarly journals Toward a High Spatial Resolution Aerial Monitoring Network for Nature Conservation—How Can Remote Sensing Help Protect Natural Areas?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8807
Author(s):  
Gábor Bakó ◽  
Zsolt Molnár ◽  
Lilla Bakk ◽  
Ferenc Horváth ◽  
Luca Fehér ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Nature Conservation ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Aerial Surveys

Aerial surveys have always significantly contributed to the accurate mapping of certain geographical phenomena. Remote sensing opened up new perspectives in nature monitoring with state-of-the-art technical solutions using modern onboard recording equipment. We developed the technical background and the methodology that supports detailed and cost-effective monitoring of a network of natural areas, thereby detecting temporal changes in the spatial pattern of land cover, species, biodiversity, and other natural features. In this article, we share our experiences of the technical background, geometric accuracy and results of comparisons with selected Copernicus Land Monitoring products and an Ecosystem Map based on the testing of our methodology at 25 sites in Hungary. We combined a high-spatial-resolution aerial remote sensing service with field studies to support an efficient nature conservation monitoring network at 25 permanent sites. By analyzing annually (or more frequently) orthophotos taken with a range of 0.5–5 cm spatial resolution and 3D surface models of aerial surveys, it is possible to map the upper canopy of vegetation species. Furthermore, it allows us to accurately follow the changes in the dynamics at the forest edge and upper canopy, or the changes in species’ dominance in meadows. Additionally, spatial data obtained from aerial surveys and field studies can expand the knowledge base of the High-Resolution Aerial Monitoring Network (HRAMN) and support conservation and restoration management. A well-conducted high-resolution survey can reveal the impacts of land interventions and habitat regeneration. By building the HRAMN network, nature conservation could have an up-to-date database that could prompt legal processes, establish protection designation procedures and make environmental habitat management more cost-effective. Landscape protection could also utilize the services of HRAMN in planning and risk reduction interventions through more reliable inputs to environmental models.

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