Evaporation of a reverse osmosis discharge studied by Pitzer model and solubility phase diagrams

2011 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferid Hajbi ◽  
Halim Hammi ◽  
Roland Solimando ◽  
Adel M’nif
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Pitzer Model

The phase diagrams of the systems MgCl2 + MgB6O10 + H2O and MgSO4 + MgB6O10 + H2O at 323.15 K and Pitzer model

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 1526-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-zong Meng ◽  
Tian-long Deng ◽  
Ya-fei Guo ◽  
Dan Li
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Pitzer Model

The phase diagrams and Pitzer model representations for the system KCl + MgCl2 + H2O at 50 and 75°C

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (13) ◽  
pp. 1930-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-min Yang ◽  
Jing Peng ◽  
Yu-xia Duan ◽  
Chong Tian ◽  
Mei Ping
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Pitzer Model

Transmission electron microscope studies in special ceramics

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
A. Zangvil ◽  
L.J. Gauckler ◽  
G. Schneider ◽  
M. Rühle
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Complex Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Lattice Resolution

The use of high temperature special ceramics which are usually complex materials based on oxides, nitrides, carbides and borides of silicon and aluminum, is critically dependent on their thermomechanical and other physical properties. The investigations of the phase diagrams, crystal structures and microstructural features are essential for better understanding of the macro-properties. Phase diagrams and crystal structures have been studied mainly by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has contributed to this field to a very limited extent; it has been used more extensively in the study of microstructure, phase transformations and lattice defects. Often only TEM can give solutions to numerous problems in the above fields, since the various phases exist in extremely fine grains and subgrain structures; single crystals of appreciable size are often not available. Examples with some of our experimental results from two multicomponent systems are presented here. The standard ion thinning technique was used for the preparation of thin foil samples, which were then investigated with JEOL 200A and Siemens ELMISKOP 102 (for the lattice resolution work) electron microscopes.

Cellulose Acetate Reverse Osmosis Membrane Structure

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 528-529
Author(s):  
H. K. Plummer ◽  
E. Eichen ◽  
C. D. Melvin
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Water Removal ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Scanning Electron

Much of the work reported in the literature on cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes has raised new and important questions with regard to the dense or “active” layer of these membranes. Several thickness values and structures have been attributed to the dense layer. To ensure the correct interpretation of the cellulose acetate structure thirteen different preparative techniques have been used in this investigation. These thirteen methods included various combinations of water substitution, freeze drying, freeze sectioning, fracturing, embedding, and microtomy techniques with both transmission and scanning electron microscope observations.It was observed that several factors can cause a distortion of the structure during sample preparation. The most obvious problem of water removal can cause swelling, shrinking, and folds. Improper removal of embedding materials, when used, can cause a loss of electron image contrast and, or structure which could hinder interpretation.

Phase diagrams of antiferromagnetic Z(q) models

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 2397-2409
Author(s):  
A. Benyoussef ◽  
L. Laanaït ◽  
M. Loulidi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams
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