Physiological impairment of adult sockeye salmon in fresh water after simulated capture-and-release across a range of temperatures

2011 ◽  
Vol 112 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Kirstin Gale ◽  
Scott G. Hinch ◽  
Erika J. Eliason ◽  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
David A. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Capture And Release

Salinity Preference, Thyroid Activity and the Seaward Migration of Four Species of Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus)

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertha Baggerman
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Seaward Migration ◽  
Salinity Preference ◽  
External Stimuli

In juvenile Pacific salmon the changes in salinity preference associated with seaward migration and thyroid activity were studied and used as criteria for the induction of the physiological condition required for migration (migration-disposition).Four species of Oncorhynchus (chum, pink, coho and sockeye) changed preference from fresh to salt water at the onset of seaward migration and maintained this preference throughout the migration season. At the end of this migration period coho and sockeye salmon changed preference from salt to fresh water if retained in fresh water, indicating a re-adaptation to this medium in which they may survive for several years. Chum and pink fry did not show this change in preference and usually died when retained in fresh water. They were apparently unable to re-adapt to this environment.The increasing day length in spring controls the time at which the change in preference from fresh to salt water takes place, and is thus involved in timing the induction of migration-disposition.The photoperiod seems to affect particularly the pituitary-thyroid system. Thyroid activity increases shortly before the onset of migration, remains high during the migration season, and decreases towards its end. The level of thyroid hormone in the blood influences salinity tolerance and preference and, thus, the induction of migration-disposition. Metamorphosis, osmotic "stress" and iodine content of the water may have some additional effect on thyroid activity, but are not the only factors responsible for thyroid hyperactivity during migration.Animals in which migration-disposition has been induced are thought to have become susceptible to appropriate external stimuli "releasing" migration.

scholarly journals Conservation physiology in practice: how physiological knowledge has improved our ability to sustainably manage Pacific salmon during up-river migration

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1596) ◽  
pp. 1757-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
Scott G. Hinch ◽  
Michael R. Donaldson ◽  
Timothy D. Clark ◽  
Erika J. Eliason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mechanistic Explanation ◽  
Conservation Physiology ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Capture And Release ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
River Migration

Despite growing interest in conservation physiology, practical examples of how physiology has helped to understand or to solve conservation problems remain scarce. Over the past decade, an interdisciplinary research team has used a conservation physiology approach to address topical conservation concerns for Pacific salmon. Here, we review how novel applications of tools such as physiological telemetry, functional genomics and laboratory experiments on cardiorespiratory physiology have shed light on the effect of fisheries capture and release, disease and individual condition, and stock-specific consequences of warming river temperatures, respectively, and discuss how these findings have or have not benefited Pacific salmon management. Overall, physiological tools have provided remarkable insights into the effects of fisheries capture and have helped to enhance techniques for facilitating recovery from fisheries capture. Stock-specific cardiorespiratory thresholds for thermal tolerances have been identified for sockeye salmon and can be used by managers to better predict migration success, representing a rare example that links a physiological scope to fitness in the wild population. Functional genomics approaches have identified physiological signatures predictive of individual migration mortality. Although fisheries managers are primarily concerned with population-level processes, understanding the causes of en route mortality provides a mechanistic explanation and can be used to refine management models. We discuss the challenges that we have overcome, as well as those that we continue to face, in making conservation physiology relevant to managers of Pacific salmon.

Resumption of Feeding by and Survival of Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Following Advanced Gonad Development

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. McBride ◽  
U. H. M. Fagerlund ◽  
M. Smith ◽  
N. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Force Feeding ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
First Time

Adult, migrating, fasting sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were held in captivity in fresh water without spawning well beyond the time when they would normally have done so and died. A few of the fish were then gonadectomized and force feeding was begun. A few unoperated fish were fed similarly while the remainder served as unoperated, unfed controls. The gonads of the operated fish were well developed. After a period of feeding of about four months some fish in each group had survived. The fed fish had regained their green color and much of their weight and vigor, while the surviving unfed fish were extremely emaciated and listless. At this time voluntary feeding by the force-fed fish was observed for the first time, and it was then found that the five surviving unfed controls would also take food voluntarily. While two of these fish died without apparent improvement in their condition, the other three gradually regained green color, weight and vigor.

The timing of adult sockeye salmon migration into fresh water: adaptations by populations to prevailing thermal regimes

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayre Hodgson ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Thermal Regimes ◽  
Timing Of Migration ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Timing Of Spawning

Anadromous fishes migrate to sea, apparently to take advantage of growing conditions, and return to fresh water to spawn. Despite favorable growing conditions at sea in summer, some populations leave the ocean in spring, many months prior to spawning. We hypothesized that this premature migration is a consequence of the fish having to avoid stressful summer temperatures in order to access certain suitable areas for spawning in the fall. We tested this idea in sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, by compiling data on the timing of migration and spawning and the freshwater temperature regime along the migration route in populations throughout the species' North American range. The timing of migration varied among populations and was primarily related to temperature regime during migration and the timing of spawning. When temperatures were moderate (<19°C), sockeye salmon tended to migrate to the vicinity of the spawning grounds about 1 month prior to spawning, regardless of the length of the freshwater migration. However, populations on whose migration route the average temperature exceeded 19°C displayed two basic patterns. Some populations entered fresh water prior to the warmest period, months before spawning, whereas others migrated after the period of highest temperatures had occurred.

Influence of Postcapture Ventilation Assistance on Migration Success of Adult Sockeye Salmon following Capture and Release

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra A. Robinson ◽  
Scott G. Hinch ◽  
Graham D. Raby ◽  
Michael R. Donaldson ◽  
Dave Robichaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Capture And Release

scholarly journals Effects of post-capture ventilation assistance and elevated water temperature on sockeye salmon in a simulated capture-and-release experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. cot015-cot015 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Robinson ◽  
S. G. Hinch ◽  
M. K. Gale ◽  
T. D. Clark ◽  
S. M. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Release Experiment ◽  
Capture And Release ◽  
Elevated Water

scholarly journals Dynamics of biological parameters of spawners of pacific salmons returned to the rivers of the Avachinsky Bay (south-eastern Kamchatka) in 1989-2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Oleg M. Zaporozhets ◽  
Galina V. Zaporozhets ◽  
Zhanna Kh. Zorbidi
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Negative Trend ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Eastern Kamchatka ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Spawning Run ◽  
Timing Of Spawning

Dynamics of biological parameters for adults of chum, sockeye, pink, coho, and chinook salmons in the rivers of the Avachinsky Bay is analyzed. There is shown for three populations of sockeye salmon that general age of the returned adults correlates positively with duration of their fresh-water life but negatively with timing of their approach for spawning. Tendency to decreasing of weight is revealed for chinook females, but weight of their males is stable. Dynamics of weight and timing of spawning run is significantly different for pink and chum salmons of the rivers Avacha and Nalycheva. Weight of coho females has negative trend, in spite of stable fecundity and age of return.

VARIATIONS IN THE SODIUM AND POTASSIUM CONTENT OF THE MUSCLE TISSUE OF PACIFIC SALMON WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MIGRATION

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1257-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. MacLeod ◽  
R. E. E. Jonas ◽  
J. R. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Spawning Ground ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Mature Fish

Further confirmation was obtained of the observation made previously that the Na+ and K+ levels of the muscle tissue of spring salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) on the Pacific coast appear to vary with the size of the fish and, in the case of small fish, with the season of the year. Small fish (3 to 5 lb) caught in regions of relatively constant salinity had higher Na+ and lower K+ concentrations in the spring and summer than in fall and winter. Under the same conditions the levels of Na+ and K+ in the flesh of larger fish (9 to 10 lb) did not vary.When spring salmon were sampled along the route of their spawning migration up the Fraser River it was found that at the mouth of the river the Na+ level was less than in fish at sea. Further up the river, Na+ had dropped to less than one-half of the value at sea. At the spawning grounds in three groups out of four examined, Na+ rose again to levels the same as or above those prevailing at sea. In general, a drop in Na+ was accompanied by a rise in K+ and vice versa, though at the spawning ground the drop in K+ considerably exceeded the rise in Na+.In the case of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) heading up river, a lowered Na+ and elevated K+ occurred in the muscle tissue of the fish while they were still in salt water. After the fish had entered fresh water the ion levels were restored and maintained at levels similar to those normally prevailing at sea. At or near the spawning ground a marked rise in Na+ as well as a drop in K+ occurred. Evidence was obtained that this change occurred first in the male of the species.The flesh of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) migrating to the sea was found to contain less Na+ and more K+ than mature fish of the same species caught at sea. Young sockeye in fresh water, however, contained about the same levels of Na+ and K+ as the mature fish at sea.

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