Environmental heterogeneity and species responses to fishing disturbance: are the effects of clam harvesting spatially consistent?

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Gutiérrez ◽  
M.Gabriela Palomo ◽  
Oscar O. Iribarne
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Species Responses ◽  
Fishing Disturbance

Environmental Heterogeneity, Genetic Polymorphism, and Reproductive Strategies

1981 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. McLeod ◽  
D. J. Hornbach ◽  
S. I. Guttman ◽  
C. M. Way ◽  
A. J. Burky
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity

scholarly journals Landscape resistance constrains hybridization across contact zones in a reproductively and morphologically polymorphic salamander

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Velo-Antón ◽  
André Lourenço ◽  
Pedro Galán ◽  
Alfredo Nicieza ◽  
Pedro Tarroso
Keyword(s):  
Contact Zone ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Landscape Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Differentiation ◽  
Contact Zones

AbstractExplicitly accounting for phenotypic differentiation together with environmental heterogeneity is crucial to understand the evolutionary dynamics in hybrid zones. Species showing intra-specific variation in phenotypic traits that meet across environmentally heterogeneous regions constitute excellent natural settings to study the role of phenotypic differentiation and environmental factors in shaping the spatial extent and patterns of admixture in hybrid zones. We studied three environmentally distinct contact zones where morphologically and reproductively divergent subspecies of Salamandra salamandra co-occur: the pueriparous S. s. bernardezi that is mostly parapatric to its three larviparous subspecies neighbours. We used a landscape genetics framework to: (i) characterise the spatial location and extent of each contact zone; (ii) assess patterns of introgression and hybridization between subspecies pairs; and (iii) examine the role of environmental heterogeneity in the evolutionary dynamics of hybrid zones. We found high levels of introgression between parity modes, and between distinct phenotypes, thus demonstrating the evolution to pueriparity alone or morphological differentiation do not lead to reproductive isolation between these highly divergent S. salamandra morphotypes. However, we detected substantial variation in patterns of hybridization across contact zones, being lower in the contact zone located on a topographically complex area. We highlight the importance of accounting for spatial environmental heterogeneity when studying evolutionary dynamics of hybrid zones.

Understanding how environmental heterogeneity and elevation drives the distribution of woody communities across vegetation types within the campo rupestre in South America

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1192-1207
Author(s):  
Marcelo Leandro Bueno ◽  
Vanessa Leite Rezende ◽  
Luiza Fonseca A. De Paula ◽  
João Augusto Alves Meira-Neto ◽  
José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Campo Rupestre ◽  
Vegetation Types

scholarly journals Environmental heterogeneity shapes physiological traits in tropical direct‐developing frogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Percino‐Daniel ◽  
José M. Contreras López ◽  
Oswaldo Téllez‐Valdés ◽  
Fausto R. Méndez de la Cruz ◽  
Alejandro Gonzalez‐Voyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Physiological Traits

scholarly journals Quantity and Quality of Aquaculture Enrichments Influence Disease Epidemics and Provide Ecological Alternatives to Antibiotics

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Anssi Karvonen ◽  
Ville Räihä ◽  
Ines Klemme ◽  
Roghaieh Ashrafi ◽  
Pekka Hyvärinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Flavobacterium Columnare ◽  
Disease Epidemics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Environmental Microbes

Environmental heterogeneity is a central component influencing the virulence and epidemiology of infectious diseases. The number and distribution of susceptible hosts determines disease transmission opportunities, shifting the epidemiological threshold between the spread and fadeout of a disease. Similarly, the presence and diversity of other hosts, pathogens and environmental microbes, may inhibit or accelerate an epidemic. This has important applied implications in farming environments, where high numbers of susceptible hosts are maintained in conditions of minimal environmental heterogeneity. We investigated how the quantity and quality of aquaculture enrichments (few vs. many stones; clean stones vs. stones conditioned in lake water) influenced the severity of infection of a pathogenic bacterium, Flavobacterium columnare, in salmonid fishes. We found that the conditioning of the stones significantly increased host survival in rearing tanks with few stones. A similar effect of increased host survival was also observed with a higher number of unconditioned stones. These results suggest that a simple increase in the heterogeneity of aquaculture environment can significantly reduce the impact of diseases, most likely operating through a reduction in pathogen transmission (stone quantity) and the formation of beneficial microbial communities (stone quality). This supports enriched rearing as an ecological and economic way to prevent bacterial infections with the minimal use of antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Fire, drought and flooding rains: The effect of climatic extremes on bird species’ responses to time since fire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jemima Connell ◽  
Mark A. Hall ◽  
Dale G. Nimmo ◽  
Simon J. Watson ◽  
Michael F. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Climatic Extremes ◽  
Time Since Fire ◽  
Species Responses

scholarly journals The GGLEAM Study: Understanding Glaucoma in the Ohio Amish

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1551
Author(s):  
Andrea R. Waksmunski ◽  
Yeunjoo E. Song ◽  
Tyler G. Kinzy ◽  
Reneé A. Laux ◽  
Jane Sewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Holmes County ◽  
The World ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Enrollment Process ◽  
Genealogy Database

Glaucoma leads to millions of cases of visual impairment and blindness around the world. Its susceptibility is shaped by both environmental and genetic risk factors. Although over 120 risk loci have been identified for glaucoma, a large portion of its heritability is still unexplained. Here we describe the foundation of the Genetics of GLaucoma Evaluation in the AMish (GGLEAM) study to investigate the genetic architecture of glaucoma in the Ohio Amish, which exhibits lower genetic and environmental heterogeneity compared to the general population. To date, we have enrolled 81 Amish individuals in our study from Holmes County, Ohio. As a part of our enrollment process, 62 GGLEAM study participants (42 glaucoma-affected and 20 unaffected individuals) received comprehensive eye examinations and glaucoma evaluations. Using the data from the Anabaptist Genealogy Database, we found that 80 of the GGLEAM study participants were related to one another through a large, multigenerational pedigree containing 1586 people. We plan to integrate the health and kinship data obtained for the GGLEAM study to interrogate glaucoma genetics and pathophysiology in this unique population.

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