Positive Pressure Ventilation for fighting wind-driven high-rise fires: Simulation-based analysis and optimization

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabodh Panindre ◽  
N.S.Susan Mousavi ◽  
Sunil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Simulation Based

Optimization of Positive Pressure Ventiliation Tactic for Wind Driven High Rise Fires

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabodh Panindre ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Atulya Narendranath ◽  
Vinay Kanive Manjunath ◽  
Venkata Pushkar Chintaluri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Location

Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) is a firefighting tactic that can mitigate the spread of fire and the combustion products to improve the safety of firefighters and civilians in wind-driven high-rise fires than without PPV. The performance of a PPV tactic in wind-driven high-rise fires depends on various parameters that include wind speed, control of stairwell doors, number of fans, fan positions and placements, fire location etc. This paper describes the influence of these parameters on the efficacy of PPV operation that was studied by simulating wind-driven high-rise fire scenarios using computational fluid dynamics softwares Fluent 12.0 and NIST’s Fire dynamic simulator (FDS 5.0). The results obtained from Fluent and FDS found to be in close agreement with each other and have been used to optimize the PPV operation for better performance.

PPV Effect on Smoke Movement Through a Shaft in High-Rise Fires: Experiments and CFD Simulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoman Ye ◽  
Ofodike A. Ezekoye ◽  
Qize He
Keyword(s):  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Smoke Movement ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Reduced Scale

Abstract While Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) has proven to be effective in high-rise fire-fighting, its effect on smoke movement through a stairwell shafts in high-rise fires is still inconclusive. Towards better understanding of the effects of PPV for smoke transport in high-rise type structures, a 1/4 reduced-scale 7-floor building with dimensions of 1.0 m × 0.5 m × 4.2 m consisting of a vertical shaft and several rooms over a number of floors has been designed and tested. Both experiments and CFD simulations for this model were conducted. It was found that there are several potential PPV tactics that could be useful in high-rise smoke control in fires. In the cases examined, PPV was considered to be applied from outside the building through vents in external rooms of the building. When a PPV fan is applied above the floor containing the fire layer, the pressure induced by the PPV flow should be larger than the pressure difference caused by the stack effect induced by the hot fire product gases. Insufficient PPV flow rates is shown to lead to accumulation of smoke and further increase in the gas temperature within the shaft due to the blocking effect. A better option is applying PPV below the fire floor. With the same pressurization air flow rate, applying PPV from below the fire floor is more effective than applying it from the top of building. In this situation, PPV not only prevents accumulation of the smoke in the shaft, but also prevents smoke from entering the shaft. The results of this study can guide the development of firefighter ventilation tactics for smoke control in high-rise fires.

scholarly journals Safety and Ergonomic Challenges of Ventilating a Premature Infant During Delayed Cord Clamping

Children ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wannasiri Lapcharoensap ◽  
Allison Cong ◽  
Jules Sherman ◽  
Doug Schwandt ◽  
Susan Crowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Delayed Cord Clamping ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Simulation Based

Delayed cord clamping (DCC) is endorsed by multiple professional organizations for both term and preterm infants. In preterm infants, DCC has been shown to reduce intraventricular hemorrhage, lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, and reduce the need for transfusions. Furthermore, in preterm animal models, ventilation during DCC leads to improved hemodynamics. While providing ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during DCC may benefit infants, the logistics of performing such a maneuver can be complicated. In this simulation-based study, we sought to explore attitudes of providers along with the safety and ergonomic challenges involved with safely resuscitating a newborn infant while attached to the placenta. Multidisciplinary workshops were held simulating vaginal and Caesarean deliveries, during which providers started positive pressure ventilation and transitioned to holding CPAP on a preterm manikin. Review of videos identified 5 themes of concerns: sterility, equipment, mobility, space and workflow, and communication. In this study, simulation was a key methodology for safe identification of various safety and ergonomic issues related to implementation of ventilation during DCC. Centers interested in implementing DCC with ventilation are encouraged to form multidisciplinary work groups and utilize simulations prior to performing care on infants.

Technique to Improve Performance of Positive Pressure Ventilation Tactic in High-Rise Fires

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabodh Panindre ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Atulya Narendranath ◽  
Vinay Kanive Manjunath ◽  
John Ceriello
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Simulation Methods ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Numerical Simulation Methods

Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) is a firefighting tactic that can assist firefighters in venting of smoke and high temperature combustion products in a more efficient manner and make the fire-rescue /suppression operation safer than without PPV. The pressure created by PPV operation must be greater than that of created by spread of fire. In real-life structures such as high-rise buildings, considering the leakages and size of stairwells, it becomes difficult to achieve the desired pressure at upper floors using PPV operation. With the help from FDNY (Fire Department of New York), on-site tests and computer simulation techniques were performed to study the behavior of PPV tactic. A technique was developed that significantly increases the positive pressure level achieved by a typical PPV operation. The efficacy of this technique was tested by conducting on-site experiments and numerical simulation methods using computational fluid dynamics software - Fluent 12.0 and NIST’s Fire dynamic simulator (FDS 5.0). The results of on-site experiments and numerical simulation methods found to be in close agreement with each other and confirmed the efficacy of this technique in improving the performance of typical PPV operation. This paper describes the results obtained from these on-site tests and numerical simulation methods. As FDNY is in the phase of implementing this instrument to ease and improve the PPV deployment operation, numerical simulation methods have been used to optimize this technique and the analysis discussed in this study also simplifies the PPV fan deployment operation for firefighters.

Technique to improve performance of positive pressure ventilation tactic in High-Rise fires

Fire Engineer ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1and2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Prabodh Panindre ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Atulya Narendranath ◽  
Vinay Kanive Manjunath ◽  
John Ceriello
Keyword(s):  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
High Rise

Evaluation of Positive Pressure Ventilation for High-Rise Buildings in Compartment Fire Situation

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 2908-2913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng ◽  
Yan Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Optimal Rate ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Compartment Fire ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Fire Condition ◽  
Fire Scenarios

An alternate means for protecting high-rise stairwell enclosures using the positive pressure ventilation is evaluated. An analysis performed by using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) model shows that the positive pressure ventilation can be an effective method for protecting the stairwell enclosure. Three types of ventilation methods are compared in the same fire condition and the best one is determined based on the decrease of temperature in the stairwell. The optimal rate for ventilating the stair requires optimization of the airflow rate according to postulated fire scenarios for the building and the desired performance with respect to tenability conditions within the stair.

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