scholarly journals Cold-induced expression of the VEGF gene in brown adipose tissue is independent of thermogenic oxygen consumption

FEBS Letters ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 579 (25) ◽  
pp. 5680-5684 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Magnus Fredriksson ◽  
Hideki Nikami ◽  
Jan Nedergaard
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vegf Gene ◽  
Induced Expression ◽  
Brown Adipose

Suppression of norepinephrine-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue by fasting

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (6) ◽  
pp. E582-E586 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hayashi ◽  
T. Nagasaka
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Colonic Temperature ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Thermogenic Response

Fasting-induced changes in thermogenic responses to norepinephrine (NE, 4.0 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 iv) were studied in anesthetized rats previously cold acclimated. The rats were divided into five groups at the end of 30–40 days of cold acclimation (5 degrees C). The five groups were kept for 5 days at 25 degrees C and fed (intact fed), fasted (intact fasted), fasted with daily treatment with thyroxine (T4, 2 micrograms/kg sc), thyroidectomized and fed, or thyroidectomized and fasted. In the intact fasted group, in which the weight of brown adipose tissue decreased, NE-induced increases in oxygen consumption, colonic temperature (T col), and temperature of the interscapular brown adipose tissue (TBAT) were markedly suppressed. The two thyroidectomized groups also showed a reduction in thermogenic response. In these three groups, TBAT was lower than Tcol throughout NE infusion. In the T4-treated fasted group, fasting-induced suppression of thermogenic response to NE was largely prevented. In the intact fed and the T4-treated fasted groups, TBAT attained higher values than Tcol during NE infusion. Plasma levels of thyroid hormones were significantly lower in the intact fasted group than in the intact fed or the T4-treated fasted group. These results suggest that fasting-induced suppression of the thermogenic response to NE is largely due to the reduced thermogenic response of brown adipose tissue to NE. The lowering of the levels of the thyroid hormones induced by fasting may be one of a number of causes of the reduction in the thermogenic response of brown adipose tissue.

Mitochondrial respiration in muscle and liver from cold-acclimated hypothyroid rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1584-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel A. Zaninovich ◽  
Inés Rebagliati ◽  
Marcela Raíces ◽  
Conrado Ricci ◽  
Karl Hagmüller
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Thyroid Ablation ◽  
Brown Adipose

The effects of long-term cold exposure on muscle and liver mitochondrial oxygen consumption in hypothyroid and normal rats were examined. Thyroid ablation was performed after 8-wk acclimation to 4°C. Hypothyroid and normal controls remained in the cold for an additional 8 wk. At the end of 16-wk cold exposure, all hypothyroid rats were alive and normothermic and had normal body weight. At ambient temperature (24°C), thyroid ablation induced a 65% fall in muscle mitochondrial oxygen consumption, which was reversed by thyroxine but not by norepinephrine administration. After cold acclimation was reached, suppression of thyroid function reduced muscle mitochondrial respiration by 30%, but the hypothyroid values remained about threefold higher than those in hypothyroid muscle in the warm. Blockade of β- and α1-adrenergic receptors in both hypothyroid and normal rats produced hypothermia in vivo and a fall in muscle, liver, and brown adipose tissue mitochondria respiration in vitro. In normal rats, cold acclimation enhanced muscle respiration by 35%, in liver 18%, and in brown adipose tissue 450% over values in the warm. The results demonstrate that thyroid hormones, in the presence of norepinephrine, are major determinants of thermogenic activity in muscle and liver of cold-acclimated rats. After thyroid ablation, cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis replaced 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine-induced thermogenesis, and normal body temperature was maintained.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON METABOLIC RATES OF LIVER AND BROWN FAT HOMOGENATES

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1763-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane C. Roberts ◽  
Robert E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The effects of temperature in vitro upon metabolic rates of homogenates of brown fat and liver from control and cold-acclimated rats have been examined over the range 10–37 °C. At all temperatures, brown adipose tissue exhibits a higher rate of oxygen consumption [Formula: see text] than does liver, α-ketoglutarate being used as substrate. At 10 °C, brown adipose tissue retains a larger percentage (36–38%) of its 37 °C metabolic rate than does liver (22–24%).Q10 values and energies of activation (Ea) have been determined and compared with other data reported for these tissues. At 20 °C, breaks appear in the Arrhenius plots for liver from both control and cold-acclimated rats and also for brown fat from control rats, but not for the brown fat from cold-acclimated rats. Thus brown adipose tissue from cold-acclimated rats retains relatively higher levels of respiration at temperatures below the 20 °C breaking point than does brown fat from control rats.In view of previously reported cold-induced increases in mass, vascularity, and [Formula: see text] of brown fat, this decreased temperature sensitivity in the cold-acclimated rats appears wholly consonant with the adaptive behavior of brown fat in its role as a thermogenic effector.

scholarly journals Increased Oxygen Consumption in Human Adipose Tissue From the “Brown Adipose Tissue” Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. E1230-E1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy H. E. J. Vijgen ◽  
Lauren M. Sparks ◽  
Nicole D. Bouvy ◽  
Gert Schaart ◽  
Joris Hoeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Tissue Region

Energy balance following sympathetic denervation of brown adipose tissue

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Dulloo ◽  
D. S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Brown Adipose

The effects of sham, bilateral surgical denervation or excision of interscapular brown adipose tissue on body composition and energetic efficiency were studied in young CFLP mice kept at 25 °C and fed a laboratory stock diet. A preliminary experiment showed that 15 weeks following surgery, total body fat was increased by 42% in the denervated group and by 72% in the excised group while body protein was unchanged. In another 7-week energy balance experiment, body fat was also significantly higher by 15 and 18% in the denervated and excised group, respectively, but metabolizable energy intake was slightly lower than that of sham controls. Determination of energy expenditure both by the comparative carcass slaughter technique and by measurement of daily oxygen consumption showed that the metabolic rate was reduced in the denervated and excised groups. The capacity for thermogenesis, as measured by an increase in oxygen consumption following injections of noradrenaline (600 μg/kg body weight) was similar in all groups. These studies show that denervation or excision of interscapular brown adipose tissue causes an elevation in energetic efficiency, and indicates an important role of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of animal heat production by brown adipose tissue and in the overall control of thermogenesis.

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