scholarly journals Cancer risk assessment: Optimizing human health through linear dose–response models

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Calabrese ◽  
Dima Yazji Shamoun ◽  
Jaap C. Hanekamp
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Linear Dose

Cancer risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil and sediments of Iran: a systematic review study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary ◽  
Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Rezvani Ghalhari ◽  
Mohsen Hesami Arani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dermal Exposure ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Accidental Exposure ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants containing several hydrocarbon rings affecting human health according to the published monitoring data. Most of these compounds can be absorbed by the soil and sediments due to the abundance of production resources of these compounds in the soil around the cities and sediments of the Iranian coast. Cancer risk assessment (CRA) is one of the most effective methods for quantifying the potentially harmful effects of PAHs on human health. In this study, the published papers that monitored PAHs in Iran’s soil and sediments were reviewed. The extraction of different data and their equivalent factors were performed according to BaP equivalent, which is the main factor for calculating CRA of PAHs. The highest concentrations of PAHs were found in the sediments of Assaluyeh industrial zones (14,844 μg/kg), Khormousi region (1874.7 μg/kg), and Shadegan wetland (1749.5 μg/kg), respectively. Dermal exposure to sediments was 96% in adults, and 4% in children, and ingestion exposure to sediment was 99% in adults and 99.2% in children. Children dermal exposure to soil was 53%, and the accidental exposure to soil was 47%. In adults, dermal exposure to soil was 96% and the accidental exposure was 4%. The results of the present study indicated a significant, the carcinogenic risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in sediments of southern regions and soils of central regions of Iran is significant.

Sources of Uncertainty in Dose-Response Modeling of Epidemiological Data for Cancer Risk Assessment

1999 ◽  
Vol 895 (1 UNCERTAINTY I) ◽  
pp. 212-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESLIE STAYNER ◽  
A. JOHN BAILER ◽  
RANDALL SMITH ◽  
STEPHEN GILBERT ◽  
FAYE RICE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
Response Modeling

scholarly journals Hormesis: Implications for Cancer Risk Assessment

Dose-Response ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. dose-response.0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Borak ◽  
Greg Sirianni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Dose Responses ◽  
Current Guidelines

Current guidelines for cancer risk assessment emphasize a toxicant's “mode of action”, rather than its empirically derived dose-response relationship, for determining whether linear low-dose extrapolation is appropriate. Thus, for reasons of policy, demonstration of hormesis is generally insufficient to justify a non-linear approach, although it may provide important insights into the actions of toxicants. We evaluated dose-response characteristics of four carcinogens reported to have hormetic dose-response curves: cadmium chloride; ionizing radiation; PAHs; and, 2,3,7,8-TCDD. For each, the study that documented hormesis in one organ also provided evidence of non-hormetic dose-responses in other organs or non-hormetic responses for seemingly similar carcinogens in the same species and organs. Such inconsistency suggests toxicologic reasons that the finding of hormesis alone is not sufficient to justify use of non-linear low-dose extrapolations. Moreover, available data in those examples are not sufficient to know whether hormesis is a property of the toxicants, the target organ, or the exposed species. From the perspectives of cancer risk assessment, the greatest informational value of hormesis may be that it provokes mechanistic studies intended to explain why hormesis occurs.

Cancer risk assessment for 1,3-butadiene: Dose–response modeling from an epidemiological perspective

2007 ◽  
Vol 166 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Sielken ◽  
Ciriaco Valdez-Flores ◽  
Michael L. Gargas ◽  
Christopher R. Kirman ◽  
M. Jane Teta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Response Modeling
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