History of safe use as applied to the safety assessment of novel foods and foods derived from genetically modified organisms

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2513-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Constable ◽  
D. Jonas ◽  
A. Cockburn ◽  
A. Davi ◽  
G. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals GM Foods, Risk, Precaution and the Internal Market: Did Both Sides Win the Day in the recent Judgment of the European Court of Justice?

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
European Court Of Justice ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
First Case ◽  
European Court ◽  
Simplified Procedure

Almost exactly one year after the famous judgments of the Court of First Instance on the precautionary principle, the European Court of Justice (hereinafter “the Court”) has issued a preliminary ruling further exploring this concept. The ruling arose from a national dispute concerning a temporary ban on novel foods produced from genetically modified organisms (hereinafter “GMOs”). This recent Monsanto judgment is the first case in which the Court has directly invoked the precautionary principle regarding Member States’ power to adopt a provisional prohibition on the marketing of GMO-derived novel foods. Simultaneously, the Court lent an ear to the arguments of Monsanto by declaring the validity of the simplified procedure laid down in the novel foods Regulation 258/97 and based on the contentious concept of substantial equivalence. Thus, it seems to have favoured the free circulation in the Community market of novel foodstuffs notwithstanding the presence of residues of genetically modified (hereinafter “GM”) protein, on the condition that there is no risk to human health.

scholarly journals Comparing international approaches to food safety regulation of GM and Novel Foods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Gm Crop ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The Eu

The global area of genetically modified (GM) crop production has considerably increased over the past two decades, with GM crops now cultivated in about 28 countries, accounting for over 10% of the world’s arable land. A 'novel food' is any food or substance that has not been used for human consumption to a significant degree within the EU before 15 May 1997. Since then, there has been over 90 novel foods authorisations approved for use by the EU. Novel foods and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are subject to a large variation in regulatory approaches around the world, for which many countries have specifically developed their own regulatory frameworks to control the placement of such products on their markets.

scholarly journals Health Considerations Regarding Horizontal Transfer of Microbial Transgenes Present in Genetically Modified Crops

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijs A. Kleter ◽  
Ad A. C. M. Peijnenburg ◽  
Henk J. M. Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Microbial Genes

The potential effects of horizontal gene transfer on human health are an important item in the safety assessment of genetically modified organisms. Horizontal gene transfer from genetically modified crops to gut microflora most likely occurs with transgenes of microbial origin. The characteristics of microbial transgenes other than antibiotic-resistance genes in market-approved genetically modified crops are reviewed. These characteristics include the microbial source, natural function, function in genetically modified crops, natural prevalence, geographical distribution, similarity to other microbial genes, known horizontal transfer activity, selective conditions and environments for horizontally transferred genes, and potential contribution to pathogenicity and virulence in humans and animals. The assessment of this set of data for each of the microbial genes reviewed does not give rise to health concerns. We recommend including the above-mentioned items into the premarket safety assessment of genetically modified crops carrying transgenes other than those reviewed in the present study.

EXTERNALITIES AND THE SIX FACETS MODEL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT: GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS IN AGRIBUSINESS

2010 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN R. LUXMORE ◽  
CLYDE EIRÍKUR HULL
Keyword(s):  
Technology Management ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Process Innovation ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Radical Product ◽  
External Stakeholders ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The Six Facets Model of technology management has previously only been applied to process innovation at the firm and the industry level. In this article, the model is applied to product innovation for the first time. In the context of genetically-modified organisms in the agribusiness industry, we examine radical product innovation through the Six Facets Model. We propose, based on the history of genetically-modified organisms in agribusiness, that when applied to product innovation the Six Facets Model will benefit considerably from the inclusion of potential negative externalities and the reactions of external stakeholders.

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