Resistance in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) to a mixture of Pseudocercosporella capsellae isolates from Western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Eshraghi ◽  
M.J. Barbetti ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
N. Danehloueipour ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Indian Mustard

scholarly journals First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum on Brassica juncea in Australia

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kaur ◽  
C. X. Li ◽  
M. J. Barbetti ◽  
M. P. You ◽  
H. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Erysiphe Cruciferarum

In Australia, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss (Indian mustard) has the potential as a more drought-tolerant oilseed crop than the B. napus L., with the first canola-quality B. juncea varieties released in Australia in 2006 and first sown for commercial production in 2007. Increased production of B. juncea is expected to result in the appearance of diseases previously unreported in Australia. In the spring of 2007 at the University of Western Australia field plots at Crawley (31.99°S, 115.82°E), Western Australia, plants of B. juncea genotypes from Australia and China had extensive stem colonization by powdery mildew at the end of the flowering period, with whitish patches ranging in size from 3 mm to 3 cm long. These patches coalesced to form a dense, white, powdery layer as they expanded. Pathogenicity was demonstrated by gently pressing infected stems containing abundant sporulation onto leaves of potted B. juncea seedlings of variety JM-18, incubating the plants in a moist chamber for 48 h, and then maintaining the plants in a controlled-environment room at 18/13°C for day/night. Signs of powdery mildew appeared at 7 days after inoculation, and by 10 days, it was well developed. Uninoculated control plants did not have powdery mildew. When symptomatic plants were examined, abundant conidia were typical of Erysiphe cruciferarum Opiz ex Junell, with cylindrical conidia borne singly or in short chains as described previously (2). Mycelia were amphigenous, in patches, and often spreading to become effused. Conidiophores were straight, foot cells were cylindrical, and conidia were mostly produced singly and measured 21.2 to 35.4 (mean 26.7 μm) × 8.8 to 15.9 μm (mean 11.9 μm) from measurements of 100 conidia. The spore size that we measured approximated what was found for E. cruciferarum (2) (30 to 40 × 12 to 16 μm), since we found 35 and 50% of spores falling within this range in terms of length and width, respectively. Conidia were, however, generally smaller in size than that reported on broccoli raab in California (1) (35 to 50 × 12 to 21 μm). We confirmed a length-to-width ratio greater than 2 as was found previously (1,2). Infected leaves showed signs of early senescence. While powdery mildew caused by E. cruciferarum is an important disease of B. juncea in India where yield losses as much as 17% have been reported (4), its potential impact in Australia is yet to be determined. To our knowledge, this is the first record of E. cruciferarum on B. juncea in Australia. In Western Australia, E. cruciferarum has been recorded on B. napus (oilseed rape) since 1986 and on B. napus L. var. napobrassica (L.) Reichenb. (swede) since 1971 (3). In other regions of Australia, it has been recorded on B. rapa in Queensland since 1913 and on B. napus (oilseed rape) in South Australia since 1973. References: (1) S. T. Koike and G. S. Saenz. Plant Dis. 81:1093, 1997. (2) T. J. Purnell and A. Sivanesan. No 251 in: Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1970. (3) R. G. Shivas. J. R. Soc. West. Aust. 72:1, 1989. (4) A. K. Shukla et al. Manual on Management of Rapeseed-Mustard Diseases. National Research Centre on Rapeseed-Mustard, Bharatpur, India, 2003.

scholarly journals First Report of White Leaf Spot Caused by Pseudocercosporella capsellae on Brassica juncea in Australia

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1131-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Eshraghi ◽  
M. P. You ◽  
M. J. Barbetti
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
First Report ◽  
White Leaf ◽  
Humidity Chamber ◽  
Stem Lesions

Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss (mustard) has potential as a more drought-tolerant oilseed crop than the Brassica napus, and the first two canola-quality B. juncea cultivars will be sown as large strip trials across Australia in 2005. This will allow commercial evaluation of oil and meal quality and for seed multiplication for the commercial release Australia-wide in 2006. Inspection of experimental B. juncea field plantings at Beverley (32°6′30″S, 116°55′22″E), and Wongan Hills (30°50′32″S, 116°43′33″E), Western Australia in September 2004 indicated the occurrence of extensive leaf spotting during B. juncea flowering. Symptoms of this disease included as many as 15 or more grayish white-to-brownish spot lesions per leaf, often with a distinct brown margin. Some elongate grayish stem lesions were also observed as reported earlier for B. napus oilseed rape (1). When affected materials were incubated in moist chambers for 48 h, abundant conidia typical of Pseudocercosporella capsellae (Ellis & Everh.) Deighton were observed that matched the descriptions of conidia given by Deighton (2) and those on B. napus in Western Australia (1). Five single-spore cultures from lesions were grown on water agar (WA) where the colonies characteristically produced purple-pink pigment in the agar after 2 weeks growth in an incubator maintained at 20°C with a 12-h photoperiod (3). Since agar cultures of P. capsellae rarely produce conidia (3), this observation helped with the verification of the cultures. Mycelial inoculum from these cultures was used to inoculate cotyledons of 50 7-day-old plants of B. juncea to satisfy Koch's postulates. Small pieces of mycelia were teased out from the surface of the growing margin of potato dextrose agar (PDA) cultures and inoculated onto both lobes of each cotyledon and plants incubated in a 100% humidity chamber for 48 h within a controlled environment room maintained at 20/15°C (day/night) with a 12-h photoperiod. After 2 weeks, lesions 5 to 8 mm in diameter were observed on the cotyledons. There were no symptoms on control plants that were treated with water only. Lesions on infected cotyledons incubated on moist filter paper for 24 h produced abundant cylindrical conidia showing 2 to 3 septa measuring 42.9 to 71.4 μm long and 2.9 to 3.1 μm wide. Single-spore isolations from these conidia produced typical P. capsellae colonies showing purple-pink pigments in WA, and dark, compacted, and slow-growing colonies with a dentate margin on PDA. White leaf spot caused by P. capsellae is an important disease of crucifers worldwide, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of P. capsellae on B. juncea in Australia. In Western Australia, P. capsellae occurs on B. napus oilseed rape (1) and in 1956, 1984, and 1987, it was recorded on B. rapa, B. oleracea, and B. chinensis, respectively (4), and on the same range of Brassica hosts in other regions of Australia. References: (1) M. J. Barbetti and K. Sivasithamparam. Aust. Plant Pathol.10:43, 1981. (2) F. C. Deighton. Commonw. Mycol. Inst. Mycol. Pap. 133:42, 1973. (3) S. T. Koike. Plant Dis. 80:960, 1996. (4) R. G. Shivas. J. R. Soc. West. Aust. 72:1, 1989.

scholarly journals Functional Analysis of Organic Acids on Different Oilseed Rape Species in Phytoremediation of Cadmium Pollution

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Shi Li ◽  
Sixiu Le ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Jiuyuan Bai ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities

Cadmium (Cd) pollution in soil is becoming increasingly serious due to anthropogenic activities, which not only poses a threat to the ecological environment, but also causes serious damage to human health via the biological chain. Consequently, special concerns should be paid to develop and combine multiple remediation strategies. In this study, different subspecies of oilseed rape, Brassica campestris, Brassica napus and Brassica juncea were applied, combined with three organic acids, acetic acid, oxalic acid and citric acid, in a simulated Cd-contaminated soil. Various physiological and biochemical indexes were monitored in both plant seedling, growth period and mature stage. The results showed that organic acids significantly promoted the growth of Brassica campestris and Brassica juncea under Cd stress. The photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities in Brassica campestris and Brassica juncea were induced at seedling stage, while that in Brassica napus were suppressed and disturbed. The enrichment of Cd in oilseed rape was also obviously increased. Brassica juncea contained relatively high resistance and Cd content in plant but little Cd in seed. Among the three acids, oxalic acids exhibited the most efficient promoting effect on the accumulation of Cd by oilseed rape. Here, a comprehensive study on the combined effects of oilseed rape and organic acids on Cd contaminated soil showed that Brassica juncea and oxalic acid possessed the best effect on phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil. Our study provides an optimal way of co-utilizing oilseed rape and organic acid in phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil.

Canola Quality Indian Mustard Oil (Brassica juncea) is More Stable to Oxidation than Conventional Canola Oil (Brassica napus)

2008 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chakra Wijesundera ◽  
Claudio Ceccato ◽  
Peter Fagan ◽  
Zhiping Shen ◽  
Wayne Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Canola Quality

Antioxidant defense system in leaves of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and rape (Brassica napus) under cadmium stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issam Nouairi ◽  
Wided Ben Ammar ◽  
Nabil Ben Youssef ◽  
Douja Daoud Ben Miled ◽  
Mohamed Habib Ghorbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System

Glucosinolate profiles of Australian canola (Brassica napus annua L.) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivars: implications for biofumigation

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kirkegaard ◽  
M. Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Canola Quality

The glucosinolate (GSL) profiles in root, shoot, and seed tissues of 22 Australian canola (Brassica napus) and 15 Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) entries were measured in the field. The Indian mustard lines included 12 low seed GSL lines from a breeding program aimed at producing canola-quality B. juncea cultivars and 3 high seed GSL condiment cultivars. The aromatic glucosinolate, 2-phenylethyl GSL, was the major GSL found in the roots of both species although Indian mustard also contained 2-propenyl GSL in the roots. The concentration of glucosinolates in the roots varied from 5 to 35 µmol/g in B. napus, from 2.5 to 25 µmol/g in low seed GSL B. juncea, and from 10 to 21 µmol/g in high seed GSL B. juncea, but was not correlated with seed glucosinolate concentrations in either species. Breeding for low seed GSLs in Indian mustard reduced the concentration of 2-propenyl GSL in both root and shoot tissues, but levels of 2-phenylethyl GSL in the roots were unaffected. The results indicate that high yielding and agronomically adapted varieties of both species could be developed with higher levels of root GSL for enhanced biofumigation potential without compromising seed quality. The GSLs which liberate isothiocyanates on hydrolysis were found primarily in the taproot and larger lateral roots (>2 mm) of both species, whereas younger fine roots (<2 mm diameter) had higher levels of indolyl GSLs. Correlations between root GSLs and susceptibility of brassicas to root pests and pathogens will need to take account of these differences in GSL profiles among different root classes.

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