Can plant defensins be used to engineer durable commercially useful fungal resistance in crop plants?

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdeep Kaur ◽  
Uma Shankar Sagaram ◽  
Dilip Shah
Keyword(s):  
Crop Plants ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Plant Defensins

A defensin with highly potent antipathogenic activities from the seeds of purple pole bean

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Lin ◽  
Jack Ho Wong ◽  
Tzi Bun Ng
Keyword(s):  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Plant Defensin ◽  
Sytox Green ◽  
Plant Defensins ◽  
Congo Red Staining ◽  
Chromatographic Media ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane Permeability ◽  
Hepatoma Hepg2

A 5443 Da peptide with sequence homology to defensins was purified from purple pole beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. ‘Extra-long Purple Pole bean’). This peptide was isolated by adsorption on an affinity chromatographic medium Affi-Gel Blue gel and ion-exchange chromatographic media SP-Sepharose (sulfopropyl-Sepharose) and Mono S and by gel filtration on Superdex peptide. The peptide inhibited mycelial growth in Mycosphaerella arachidicola, Helminthosporium maydis, Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae, Rhizoctonia solani, Candida albicans and Setosphaeria turcica with an IC50 of 0.8, 0.9, 2.3, 3.2, 4.3, 4.8 and 9.8 μM respectively. Its antifungal potency was higher than that of the plant defensin coccinin (IC50>50 μM). It induced membrane permeabilization in C. albicans as evidenced by SYTOX Green uptake, but did not affect erythrocyte membrane permeability. It inhibited growth in M. arachidicola by inducing chitin accumulation at hyphal tips as was shown by Congo Red staining. The antifungal activity was pH stable and thermostable. The peptide inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma (HepG2), breast cancer (MCF7), colon cancer (HT29) and cervical cancer (SiHa) cells but not that of human embryonic liver (WRL68) cells. Its anti-HepG2 activity (IC50=4.1±0.8 μM, n=3) was higher than that of another plant defensin, gymnin (IC50>50 μM). Its anti-MCF7 activity (IC50=8.3±0.3 μM, n=3) was similar to that of other plant defensins. It reduced the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC50 of 0.5±0.1 μM, n=3, much more potently than other plant defensins (IC50>40 μM). There is the possibility of using the purple pole bean defensin for producing antifungal drugs and/or transgenic plants with fungal resistance.

Metabolic signalling and the partitioning of resources in plant storage organs

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIGEL G. HALFORD
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cultivated Potato ◽  
Metabolic Signalling ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Plant Storage

The most important harvested organs of crop plants, such as seeds, tubers and fruits, are often described as assimilate sinks. They play little or no part in the fixation of carbon through the production of sugars through photosynthesis, or in the uptake of nitrogen and sulphur, but import these assimilated resources to support metabolism and to store them in the form of starch, oils and proteins. Wild plants store resources in seeds and tubers to later support an emergent young plant. Cultivated crops are effectively storing resources to provide us with food and many have been bred to accumulate much more than would be required otherwise. For example, approximately 80% of a cultivated potato plant's dry weight is contained in its tubers, ten times the proportion in the tubers of its wild relatives (Inoue & Tanaka 1978). Cultivation and breeding has brought about a shift in the partitioning of carbon and nitrogen assimilate between the organs of the plant.

Stimulatory effects of smoke and smoke-derived butenolide on crop plants

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Van Staden ◽  
MG Kulkarni ◽  
GD Ascough ◽  
ME Light
Keyword(s):  
Crop Plants

Toxic Substances in Crop Plants

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. F. D'Mello ◽  
Carol M. Duffus ◽  
John H. Duffus
Keyword(s):  
Crop Plants ◽  
Toxic Substances

Management of root rot fungi by Grewia asiatica L. leaves and on the growth of crop plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Dawar ◽  
Asma Hanif ◽  
Rukkiya Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Crop Plants

Resistance of Binding Systems of Various Compositions to the Action of Molds

2020 ◽  
Vol 786 (11) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
V.V. STROKOVA ◽  
◽  
V.V. NELUBOVA ◽  
M.N. SIVALNEVA ◽  
M.D. RYKUNOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Biological Corrosion ◽  
Test Objects

The dynamic development of urbanization contributes to an increase in emissions of industrial waste, which is the cause dysfunction of the ecosystem balance and leads to the development of biological corrosion on building materials associated with the products of the vital activity of microorganisms. In this regard, it is necessary to assess the resistance of composites to predict the durability of building structures under conditions of biological influence of microorganisms. Binder systems of various compositions were studied: cementless nanostructured binders (NB) based on quartz sand and granodiorite, gypsum, Portland cement and alumina cement. The toxicity of binders was assessed by biotesting on living organisms – cladocerans Daphnia Magna – according to the criteria of the intensity of their growth and viability. As a result, the high environmental safety of NB is substantiated, and the ranking of the studied binders according to the degree of increase in their toxicity to test objects is presented. Fungal resistance was assessed by the ability of molds for growing and reproduction on the studied samples. It was found that the most active in terms of the development of binders were representatives of the genus Aspergillus, the intensity of growing of which in all variants did not decrease below 3 points. Gypsum and NB were especially vulnerable, where the degree of fouling repeatedly reached 5 points. Even the initially biostable cement, after the aging process, lost its stability at different extent. The obtained results indicate the need to increase the resistance of composites for various purposes under conditions of biocorrosion at the stage of design and updating of regulatory documents, including tests for fungal resistance in the list of mandatory.

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