Ion channels and transporters of the retinal pigment epithelium

2014 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Reichhart ◽  
Olaf Strauß
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment

scholarly journals Fluid and solute transport across the retinal pigment epithelium: a theoretical model

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (163) ◽  
pp. 20190735
Author(s):  
Mariia Dvoriashyna ◽  
Alexander J. E. Foss ◽  
Eamonn A. Gaffney ◽  
Rodolfo Repetto
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Osmotic Gradient ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Fluid Accumulation

The retina is composed of two main layers—the neuroretina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)—that are separated by a potential gap termed the sub-retinal space (SRS). Accumulation of fluid in the SRS may result in a retinal detachment. A key function of the RPE is to prevent fluid accumulation in the SRS by actively pumping fluid from this space to the choroid. We have developed a mathematical model of this process that incorporates the transport of seven chemical species: Na + , K + , Cl − , HCO 3 − , H + , CO 2 and H 2 CO 3 . This allows us to estimate solute and water fluxes and to understand the role of the different membrane ion channels. We have performed a global sensitivity analysis using the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test to investigate the relative importance of parameters in generating the model outputs. The model predicts that flow across the RPE is driven by an osmotic gradient in the cleft gap between adjacent cells. Moreover, the model estimates how water flux is modified in response to inhibition of membrane ion channels and carbonic anhydrase (CA). It provides a possible explanation for how CA inhibitors, which are used clinically to prevent fluid accumulation in the SRS, may be acting.

Activation of endogenously expressed ion channels by active complement in the retinal pigment epithelium

2014 ◽  
Vol 467 (10) ◽  
pp. 2179-2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Genewsky ◽  
Ingmar Jost ◽  
Catharina Busch ◽  
Christian Huber ◽  
Julia Stindl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Active Complement

High-voltage electron microscopy of subretinal scar formation

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 486-487
Author(s):  
G.E. Korte ◽  
M. Marko ◽  
G. Hageman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Sodium Iodate ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron

Sodium iodate iv. damages the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in rabbits. Where RPE does not regenerate (e.g., 1,2) Muller glial cells (MC) forma subretinal scar that replaces RPE. The MC response was studied by HVEM in 3D computer reconstructions of serial thick sections, made using the STEREC0N program (3), and the HVEM at the NYS Dept. of Health in Albany, NY. Tissue was processed for HVEM or immunofluorescence localization of a monoclonal antibody recognizing MG microvilli (4).

scholarly journals 4-(Phenylsulfanyl) Butan-2-One Attenuates the Inflammatory Response Induced by Amyloid-β Oligomers in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Peeraporn Varinthra ◽  
Shun-Ping Huang ◽  
Supin Chompoopong ◽  
Zhi-Hong Wen ◽  
Ingrid Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye disease that causes irreversible impairment of central vision, and effective treatment is not yet available. Extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in drusen that lie under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been reported as one of the early signs of AMD and was found in more than 60% of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Extracellular deposition of Aβ can induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS in RPE cells. Thus, finding a compound that can effectively reduce the inflammatory response may help the treatment of AMD. In this research, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the coral-derived compound 4-(phenylsulfanyl) butan-2-one (4-PSB-2) on Aβ1-42 oligomer (oAβ1-42) added to the human adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19). Our results demonstrated that 4-PSB-2 can decrease the elevated expressions of TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS via NF-κB signaling in ARPE-19 cells treated with oAβ1-42 without causing any cytotoxicity or notable side effects. This study suggests that 4-PSB-2 is a promising drug candidate for attenuation of AMD.

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