A novel free radical scavenger rescues retinal cells in vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn O’Driscoll ◽  
Francesca Doonan ◽  
Nuria Sanvicens ◽  
Angel Messeguer ◽  
Thomas G. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Retinal Cells

scholarly journals Hydroxyl radical induced structural changes of collagen

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helan Xiao ◽  
Guoping Cai ◽  
Mingyao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
First Time

Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in cell differentiation, growth, migration and apoptosis. Collagen is the most abundant protein familyin vivo, but its function has still not been clearly defined yet. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a central role in oxidative cell stress. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy indicates that type I collagen could uniquely scavenge hydroxyl radicals in dose- and time-dependent manner; whereas BSA and gelatin (a denatured collagen) have no such an effect. However, the mechanism by which type I collagen scavenges hydroxyl radicals is different from that of GSH, a well-known free radical scavenger. Using a new method, two-dimensional FTIR correlation analysis, for the first time, we show that the order of functional group changes of type I collagen in this process is amide I earlier than amide II than amide III than –CH– thanν(C=O). The results indicates that the structure of the main chain of collagen changed first, followed by more residue groupν(C=O) exposed to hydroxyl radicals. The reaction with the carbonyl group in collagen causes the hydroxyl free radicals to be scavenged. Therefore, ECM can effectively scavenge ROS under normal physiological conditions. When the proteins of ECM were denatured in the same way as gelatin, they lost their function as a free radical scavenger. All of these results provide new insight into therapy or prevention of oxidative stress, apoptosis and ageing.

Ceria-Zirconia Antioxidant Nanoparticles Attenuate Hypoxia-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Restoring Autophagy Flux and Alleviating Mitochondrial Damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1144-1159
Author(s):  
Sang-Eun Hong ◽  
Jong Hun An ◽  
Seong-Lan Yu ◽  
Jaeku Kang ◽  
Chang Gyo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Mitochondrial Damage ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Autophagy Flux ◽  
Novel Approach

Oxidative stress is one of the principal causes of hypoxia-induced kidney injury. The ceria nanoparticle (CNP) is known to exhibit free radical scavenger and catalytic activities. When zirconia is attached to CNPs (CZNPs), the ceria atom tends to remain in a Ce3+ form and its efficacy as a free radical scavenger thus increases. We determined the effectiveness of CNP and CZNP antioxidant activities against hypoxia-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and observed that these nanoparticles suppress the apoptosis of hypoxic HK-2 cells by restoring autophagy flux and alleviating mitochondrial damage. In vivo experiments revealed that CZNPs effectively attenuate hypoxia-induced AKI by preserving renal structures and glomerulus function. These nanoparticles can successfully diffuse into HK-2 cells and effectively counteract reactive oxygen species (ROS) to block hypoxia-induced AKI. This suggests that these particles represent a novel approach to controlling this condition.

A Novel Free Radical Scavenger, Edarabone, Protects Against Cisplatin-Induced Acute Renal Damage in Vitro and in Vivo

2003 ◽  
Vol 305 (3) ◽  
pp. 1183-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Satoh ◽  
Naoki Kashihara ◽  
Sohachi Fujimoto ◽  
Hideyuki Horike ◽  
Takehiko Tokura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger

scholarly journals Skin fibroblasts from spermine synthase-deficient hemizygous gyro male (Gy/Y) mice overproduce spermidine and exhibit increased resistance to oxidative stress but decreased resistance to UV irradiation

2000 ◽  
Vol 352 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas NILSSON ◽  
Amel GRITLI-LINDE ◽  
Olle HEBY
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Skin Fibroblasts ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Spermine Synthase ◽  
Y Cells

Hemizygous gyro male (Gy/Y) mice are a model for X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets. As in humans, the disease is caused by deletions in the Phex gene, a phosphate-regulating gene having homologies with endopeptidases on the X chromosome. Some phenotypic abnormalities in Gy/Y mice have recently been attributed to the fact that the Gy deletion also includes the neighbouring spermine synthase gene, resulting in spermine deficiency. Spermine and its precursors spermidine and putrescine are essential for cell growth and differentiation. As a novel method for studying the function of spermine, we established primary cultures of skin fibroblasts from hemizygous Gy/Y mice. The Gy/Y cells contained no detectable spermine. In view of the fact that spermine is a free-radical scavenger in vitro, we were surprised to find that Gy/Y cells were more resistant to oxidative stress than their normal (X/Y) counterparts. However, our finding that spermidine accumulates markedly in the spermine-deficient Gy/Y cells can probably explain this increased resistance. It is the first indication that spermidine can serve as a free-radical scavenger in vivo and not only in vitro. When subjecting the Gy/Y cells to UV-C irradiation we made another interesting finding: the mutant cells were more sensitive than the normal X/Y cells. This finding indicates that spermine, probably because of its high-affinity binding to DNA, is important in protection against chromatin damage.

scholarly journals Vitamin E Prevents Cold Wrap Restraint Stress-Induced Intestinal Fluid Transport Alterations in Rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Burdick ◽  
Ningren Cui ◽  
Lonnie R Empey ◽  
Richard N Fedorak
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Absorption

Psychological stress may alter gastrointestinal absorptive function by increasing the quantity of intestinal free radicals or by lowering endogenous intestinal free radical scavenging capacity. Vitamin E has been shown to be a potent endogenous antioxidant and free radical scavenger under both physiological and pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cold wrap restraint stress altered in vivo intestinal fluid absorption in rats, and whether vitamin E administration prior to the induction of cold wrap restraint stress could prevent such changes in intestinal secretion. Jejunal, ileal and colonic fluid and electrolyte transport rates were measured in vivo using an isolated loop technique. Cold wrap restraint stress reduced in vivo fluid absorption in the ileum and colon, but not in the jejunum. Administration of vitamin E prior to the cold wrap restraint stress procedure completely prevented this alteration of ileal and colonic fluid absorption.

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