scholarly journals Slip rate and mode of the Feldbiss normal fault (Roer Valley Graben) after removal of groundwater effects

2006 ◽  
Vol 245 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 630-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Demoulin
Keyword(s):  
Slip Rate ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Roer Valley Graben

Pseudo-3D imaging of a low-slip-rate, active normal fault using shallow geophysical methods: The Geleen fault in the Belgian Maas River valley

Geophysics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. B1-B9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Vanneste ◽  
Koen Verbeeck ◽  
Toon Petermans
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
River Valley ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Precise Position ◽  
Roer Valley Graben ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Sediment Layers

In a detailed site survey for paleoseismic trenching, we applied shallow geophysical prospecting techniques, including ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electric resistivity tomography (ERT), and resistivity mapping to identify, locate, and visualize in 3D the Geleen fault, an active normal fault bordering the Roer Valley graben in northeast Belgium. Because of a low slip rate, the geomorphic expression of this fault is very faint in the relatively young deposits of the Maas River valley. ERT profiles show the fault as a broad, near-vertical anomaly characterized by sharp lateral resistivity contrasts, with an associated vertical offset of sediment layers. We observed offsets of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the base and top, respectively, of a middle-late Pleistocene fluvial gravel layer. Shallow ERT and GPR profiles indicate that younger sediments are also affected by faulting, but the amount and sense of offset appear to be conflicting: ERT profiles show a near-surface, high-resistivity layer with an apparent reverse offset, and GPR profiles portray the fault as a sharp and laterally consistent disruption of reflectors, often without a clearly identifiable offset. Resistivity maps at different depths map the fault as a narrow, linear, lateral resistivity gradient matching the anomalies observed with other techniques. This method proved to be efficient in determining the precise position and orientation of dip-slip faults, and could potentially be very useful for the identification of lateral changes in fault geometry, such as splays and step-overs. Subsequent trenching confirmed the presence of a normal fault at the location predicted by the geophysical survey. Correlation with the sediments exposed on the trench walls demonstrated that, close to the surface, resistivity and dielectric permittivity contrasts mostly occur in a postdepositional soil, which developed differently on either side of the fault. This explains why shallow geophysical variations do not reflect the true fault offset.

scholarly journals New constraints on the exhumation history of the western Tauern Window (European Alps) from thermochronology, thermokinematic modeling, and topographic analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Wolff ◽  
Ralf Hetzel ◽  
István Dunkl ◽  
Aneta A. Anczkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Thermal Relaxation ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
Topographic Analysis ◽  
Tauern Window ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exhumation History

AbstractThe Brenner normal fault bounds the Tauern Window to the west and accommodated a significant portion of the orogen-parallel extension in the Eastern Alps. Here, we use zircon (U–Th)/He, apatite fission track, and apatite (U–Th)/He dating, thermokinematic modeling, and a topographic analysis to constrain the exhumation history of the western Tauern Window in the footwall of the Brenner fault. ZHe ages from an E–W profile (parallel to the slip direction of the fault) decrease westwards from ~ 11 to ~ 8 Ma and suggest a fault-slip rate of 3.9 ± 0.9 km/Myr, whereas AFT and AHe ages show no spatial trends. ZHe and AFT ages from an elevation profile indicate apparent exhumation rates of 1.1 ± 0.7 and 1.0 ± 1.3 km/Myr, respectively, whereas the AHe ages are again spatially invariant. Most of the thermochronological ages are well predicted by a thermokinematic model with a normal fault that slips at a rate of 4.2 km/Myr between ~ 19 and ~ 9 Ma and produces 35 ± 10 km of extension. The modeling reveals that the spatially invariant AHe ages are caused by heat advection due to faulting and posttectonic thermal relaxation. The enigmatic increase of K–Ar phengite and biotite ages towards the Brenner fault is caused by heat conduction from the hot footwall to the cooler hanging wall. Topographic profiles across an N–S valley in the fault footwall indicate 1000 ± 300 m of erosion after faulting ceased, which agrees with the results of our thermokinematic model. Valley incision explains why the Brenner fault is located on the western valley shoulder and not at the valley bottom. We conclude that the ability of thermokinematic models to quantify heat transfer by rock advection and conduction is crucial for interpreting cooling ages from extensional fault systems.

Active fault segmentation and seismic hazard in Hoa-Binh reservoir, Vietnam

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan Trinh ◽  
Hoang Vinh ◽  
Nguyen Huong ◽  
Ngo Liem
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Active Fault ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Seismic Attenuation ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Hydropower Dam ◽  
Large Dam ◽  
Hoa Binh

AbstractBased on remote sensing, geological data, geomorphologic analysis, and field observations, we determine the fault system which is a potential source of earthquakes in Hoa-Binh reservoir. It is the sub-meridian fault system composed of fault segments located in the central part of the eastern and western flanks of the Quaternary Hoa-Binh Graben: the Hoa-Binh 1 fault is east-dipping (75–80°), N-S trending, 4 km long, situated in the west of the Hoa-Binh Graben, and the Hoa-Binh 2 is a west-dipping (75–80°), N-S trending; 8.4 km long fault, situated in the east of the Hoa-Binh Graben. The slip rate of normal fault in Hoa-Binh hydropower dam was estimated at 0.3–1.1 mm/yr. The Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) in the Hoa-Binh hydropower dam have been assessed. The estimated MCE of HB.1 and HB.2 is 5.6 and 6.1 respectively, and the maximum PGA at Hoa-Binh dam is 0.30 g and 0.40 g, respectively. The assessment of seismic hazard in Hoa-Binh reservoir is a typical example of seismic hazards of a large dam constructed in an area of low seismicity and lack of law of seismic attenuation.

scholarly journals Sevier Fault at Red Canyon

Geosites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Robert Biek
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Total Displacement ◽  
Reflection Data

The Sevier fault is spectacularly displayed on the north side of Utah Highway 12 at the entrance to Red Canyon, where it offsets a 500,000-year-old basaltic lava flow. The fault is one of several active, major faults that break apart the western margin of the Colorado Plateau in southwestern Utah. The Sevier fault is a “normal” fault, a type of fault that forms during extension of the earth’s crust, where one side of the fault moves down relative to the other side. In this case, the down-dropped side (the hanging wall) is west of the fault; the upthrown side (the footwall) lies to the east. The contrasting colors of rocks across the fault make the fault stand out in vivid detail. Immediately south of Red Canyon, the 5-million-year-old Rock Canyon lava flow, which erupted on the eastern slope of the Markagunt Plateau, flowed eastward and crossed the fault (which at the time juxtaposed non-resistant fan alluvium against coarse-grained volcaniclastic deposits) (Biek and others, 2015). The flow is now offset 775 to 1130 feet (235-345 m) along the main strand of the fault, yielding an anomalously low vertical slip rate of about 0.05 mm/yr (Lund and others, 2008). However, this eastern branch of the Sevier fault accounts for only part of the total displacement on the fault zone. A concealed, down-to-the-west fault is present west of coarse-grained volcaniclastic strata at the base of the Claron cliffs. Seismic reflection data indicate that the total displacement on the fault zone in this area is about 3000 feet (900 m) (Lundin, 1987, 1989; Davis, 1999).

scholarly journals Paleoseismological analysis of the Rurrand fault near Jülich, Roer Valley graben, Germany: Coseismic or aseismic faulting history?

2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vanneste ◽  
K. Verbeeck
Keyword(s):  
Normal Fault ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
Fault Creep ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Roer Valley Graben ◽  
Fault Displacement ◽  
German Part

AbstractA first trench has been excavated for paleoseismological analysis in the German part of the Roer Valley graben, which has experienced several historical earthquakes with a maximum intensity up to VIII on the MSK-scale.The trench has exposed the Rurrand fault as a complex fault zone with at least five separate, SW-dipping, normal fault strands displacing an early Pleistocene terrace of the Rhine river by more than 7 m. The major part of the observed deformation was produced during or after deposition of an overlying unit of stratified loess of middle Weichselian to probably Saalian age. The faulting history is shown to be episodic, with different fault strands active at different times. Growth faulting that would be indicative of continuous, aseismic fault motion has not been observed. Our stratigraphic control is not sufficient to constrain the timing and to provide evidence of the coseismic nature for each observed fault displacement. However, two units of structureless, gravelly loess are interpreted as the result of extensive solifluction triggered by two large surface-rupturing events. This is suggested by the position of these units, which is controlled by the main faults, and by their remarkably young age (< 400 cal. BC), indicated by radiocarbon and OSL datings and by the presence of historic brick fragments. At least two faults show moderate activity that is even younger. Our interpretation is not in agreement with earlier hypotheses that ongoing vertical movements of circa 1 mm/a in the German part of the Lower Rhine graben are the result of aseismic fault creep, but is in line with the results of similar investigations on the southwestern border fault of the Roer Valley Graben in Belgium, which demonstrates the need for further paleoseismological research in this region. The Rurrand fault is presently experiencing aseismic slip on its superficial portion, induced by extensive groundwater lowering for mining purposes. This ongoing deformation seems to be expressed in the trench as diffuse bundles of anastomosing cracks extending up to, and in some cases even into the plough zone, rather than as sharp fault planes which are typical of older, tectonic fault movements.

scholarly journals Geometry and slip rate of the Aigion fault, a young normal fault system in the western Gulf of Corinth

Geology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. McNeill ◽  
C.J. Cotterill ◽  
J.M. Bull ◽  
T.J. Henstock ◽  
R. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slip Rate ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Gulf Of Corinth

scholarly journals Late Quaternary faulting in southern Matese (central Italy): implications for earthquake potential in the southern Apennines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Boncio ◽  
Eugenio Auciello ◽  
Vincenzo Amato ◽  
Pietro Aucelli ◽  
Paola Petrosino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Southern Apennines ◽  
Mountain Front ◽  
Point Data ◽  
Earthquake Potential

Abstract. We studied in detail the Gioia Sannitica active normal fault (GF) along the Southern Matese Fault system in the southern Apennines of Italy. The current activity of the fault system and its potential to produce strong earthquakes have been underestimated so far, and are now defined. Precise mapping of the GF fault trace on a 1 : 20,000 geological map and several point data on geometry, kinematics and throw rate are made available in electronic format. The GF, and in general the entire fault system along the southern Matese mountain front, is made of slowly-slipping faults, with a long active history revealed by the large geologic offsets, mature geomorphology, and complex fault pattern and kinematics. Present activity has resulted in Late Quaternary fault scarps resurrecting the foot of the mountain front, and Holocene surface faulting. The slip rate varies along-strike, with maximum Late Pleistocene – Holocene throw rate of ~0.5 mm/yr. Activation of the 11.5 km-long GF can produce up to M 6.1 earthquakes. If activated together with the 18 km-long Ailano-Piedimonte Matese fault (APMF), the seismogenic potential would be M 6.8. The slip history of the two faults is compatible with a contemporaneous rupture. The observed Holocene displacements on the GF and APMF are compatible with activations during some poorly known historical earthquakes, such as the 1293 (M 5.8), 1349 (M 6.8; southern prolongation of the rupture on the Aquae Iuliae fault?) and CE 346 earthquakes. A fault rupture during the 847 poorly-constrained historical earthquake is also compatible with the dated displacements.

scholarly journals Potentially active normal faulting zone identified in the eastern margin of Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 873 (1) ◽  
pp. 012071
Author(s):  
Anggraini Rizkita Puji ◽  
Mudrik Rahmawan Daryono ◽  
Danny Hilman Natawidjaja
Keyword(s):  
Active Faults ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Normal Faulting ◽  
Eastern Margin ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Abstract The 2018 Mw 7.5 earthquake in Palu, Central Sulawesi, resulting in ~2,000 fatalities and estimated economic losses of ~22.8 trillion Indonesian Rupiah, according to the report of BAPPENAS and Central Sulawesi Provincial-Government. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent similar disaster in the future by further detailed studies of any other potential sources that are capable of generating such hazards. Palu City is in the vast depression valley bordered by mountains in its eastern and western margins. The 2018 earthquake source is the Palukoro Fault, which runs through the western margin of onshore Palu Valley then continued under the bay. Along the eastern margin of the valley, we also identified a wide zone of many potentially active faults strands orienting N-S and NW-SE, showing predominantly normal faulting. These faults are observed from their normal fault scarps as inspected from Light Detection and Ranging Digital Terrain Model (LiDAR DTM) data with 90-cm resolution and field ground checks. The faults deformed the old terrace sediments (Late Pleistocene, ~125 kya), but it is unclear whether they also cut the Holocene young alluvial like the ruptured fault of 2018 event. Further paleoseismology investigation is then necessary to obtain further information about these potentially-active normal faults, including their slip-rate and the past ruptures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document