Enzyme production and chemical alterations of Eucalyptus grandis wood during biodegradation by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora in cultures supplemented with Mn2+, corn steep liquor and glucose

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Paulo Vicentim ◽  
André Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Ceriporiopsis Subvermispora ◽  
Steep Liquor

High-yield kraft pulping of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden biotreated by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora under two different culture conditions

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Paulo Vicentim ◽  
Robson de Almeida Faria ◽  
André Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Short Fibers ◽  
Wood Component ◽  
Ceriporiopsis Subvermispora ◽  
Steep Liquor

AbstractIn the present study, it was evaluated how two different culture conditions for the biotreatment ofEucalyptus grandisbyCeriporiopsis subvermisporaaffect a subsequent high-yield kraft pulping process. Under the varied culture conditions investigated, different extracellular enzyme activities were observed. Manganese-peroxidase (MnP) secretion was 3.7 times higher in cultures supplemented with glucose plus corn-steep liquor (glucose/CSL) as compared to non-supplemented (NS) cultures. The biotreated samples underwent diverse levels of wood component degradation as losses of weight and lignin were increased in glucose/CSL cultures. Mass balances for lignin removal during kraft pulping showed that delignification was facilitated when both biotreated wood samples were cooked. Delignification efficiency did not correlate positively with MnP levels in the cultures. On the other hand, biopulps from NS and glucose/CSL cultures saved 27% and 38% beating time to achieve 28° Schopper-Riegler freeness during refining, respectively. Biopulps disposed of decreased tensile and tear resistances, thus easier refining of the biokraft pulps seems to be a consequence of less resistant fiber walls. Improved beatability of biopulps was tentatively related to short fibers and fines formation during refining. We suggest that to some extent polysaccharide depolymerization occurred during the biotreatment, which also resulted in diminished pulp yields in the case of glucose/CSL cultures.

Alkaline-sulfite chemithermomechanical pulping of Eucalyptus grandis biotreated by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora under varied culture conditions

Holzforschung ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Paulo Vicentim ◽  
André Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Ceriporiopsis Subvermispora ◽  
Fungal Pretreatment ◽  
Chemithermomechanical Pulping

Abstract The effect of different culture conditions have been evaluated concerning the extracellular enzyme activities of the white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora growing on Eucalyptus grandis wood. The consequence of the varied fungal pretreatment on a subsequent chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP) was addressed. In all cultures, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and xylanase were the predominant extracellular enzymes. The biopulping efficiency was evaluated based on the amount of fiber bundles obtained after the first fiberizing step and the fibrillation levels of refined pulps. It was found that the MnP levels in the cultures correlated positively with the biopulping benefits. On the other hand, xylanase and total oxalate levels did not vary significantly. Accordingly, it was not possible to determine whether MnP accomplishes the effect alone or depends on synergic action of other extracellular agents. Pulp strength and fiber size distribution were also evaluated. The average fiber length of CTMP pulps prepared from untreated wood chips was 623 μm. Analogous values were observed for most of the biopulps; however, significant amounts of shorter fibers were found in the biopulp prepared from wood chips biotreated in cultures supplemented with glucose plus corn-steep liquor. Despite evidence of reduced average fiber length, biopulps prepared from these wood chips presented the highest improvement in tensile indexes (+28% at 23° Schopper-Riegler).

scholarly journals Extra- and intra-cellular lipases from a thermophilic Rhizopus oryzae and factors affecting their production

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 978-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Salleh ◽  
R. Musani ◽  
M. Basri ◽  
K. Ampon ◽  
W. M. Z. Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Lipase Production ◽  
Intracellular Enzyme ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Steep Liquor

A thermophilic Rhizopus oryzae was isolated, and parameters affecting its production of extra- and intra-cellular lipases were investigated. All carbon sources tested with the exception of sucrose generally inhibited the production of extracellular lipase, but enhanced the production of intracellular lipase. Peptone was the best substrate for extracellular enzyme production, but for intracellular lipase production other substrates such as tryptone, tryptic soy digest, polypeptone, and corn steep liquor gave comparable results. Among lipid substrates, glycerol was the only stimulator of extracellular enzyme production, whereas olive oil, triolein, and oleic acid had very positive effects on intracellular enzyme production. Shaking enhanced the production of both types of enzymes; the temperature optima were 45 and 37 °C for extra- and intra-cellular lipases, respectively. A pH of 5.0 was optimal for production of both enzymes.Key words: lipases, Rhizopus oryzae, production.

Evaluation of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden biopulping with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora under non-aseptic conditions

Holzforschung ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Masarin ◽  
André Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Ceriporiopsis Subvermispora ◽  
Aseptic Conditions

Abstract In biopulping, efficient wood colonization by a selected white-rot fungus depends on previous wood chip decontamination to avoid the growth of primary molds. Although simple to perform in the laboratory, in large-scale biopulping trials, complete wood decontamination is difficult to achieve. Furthermore, the use of fungal growth promoters such as corn steep liquor enhances the risk of culture contamination. This paper evaluates the ability of the biopulping fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora to compete with indigenous fungi in cultures of fresh or poorly decontaminated Eucalyptus grandis wood chips. While cultures containing autoclaved wood chips were completely free of contaminants, primary molds grew rapidly when non-autoclaved wood chips were used, resulting in heavily contaminated cultures, regardless of the C. subvermispora inoculum/wood ratio evaluated (5, 50 and 3000 mg mycelium kg−1 wood). Studies on benomyl-amended medium suggested that the fungi involved competed by consumption of the easily available nutrient sources, with C. subvermispora less successful than the contaminant fungi. The use of acid-washed wood chips decreased the level of such contaminant fungi, but production of manganese peroxidase and xylanases was also decreased under these conditions. Nevertheless, chemithermomechanical pulping of acid-washed samples biotreated under non-aseptic conditions gave similar fibrillation improvements compared to samples subjected to the standard biodegradation process using autoclaved wood chips.

scholarly journals Yacon Flour and Corn Steep Liquor as Substrate for Inulinase and Biomass Production by Kluyveromyces Marxianus NRRL Y-7571

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-423
Author(s):  
Leonardo Amorin Sathler ◽  
Jonas Contiero ◽  
Marcia Luciana Cazetta
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Kluyveromyces Marxianus ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Surface Response Methodology ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Optimal Ph

Yacon is a perennial plant native of the Andesthat stores inulin-type polyfructans as reserve carbohydrates in its tubers. The enzymes that hydrolyze the inulin β-2,1 fructose  linkages are called inulinases and are much used to produce high fructose syrups (HFS) and ethanol. The present study investigated inulinase and biomass production by Kluyveromyces marxianus NRRL Y-7571 using yacon flour as carbon source and corn steep liquor as nitrogen source by a Central Composite Design (CCD) 22 to carry out experiments and Surface Response Methodology (RSM) to analyze the results. The maximum enzyme production was 36.1 U.ml-1 and biomass production was 8.95 g.l-1 under the condition of 7% yacon flour and 2% corn steep liquor. The crude enzyme partial characterization showed that inulinase had optimal pH at 4.0 and optimal temperature at60°C. The enzyme maintained over 90% of its activity for four hours at45°C and50°C.

scholarly journals Effect of Culture Conditions on the Production of an Extracellular Protease by Bacillus sp. Isolated from Soil Sample of Lavizan Jungle Park

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Akhavan Sepahy ◽  
Leila Jabalameli
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
North East ◽  
Steep Liquor

Soil samples of Tehran jungle parks were screened for proteolytic Bacilli. Among eighteen protease producers one of the isolates obtained from Lavizan park, in north east of Tehran, was selected for further experimental studies. This isolate was identified as Bacillus sp. strain CR-179 based on partial sequencing of 16S rRNA. Various nutritional and environmental parameters affected protease production by Bacillus sp. strain CR-179. Protease production by this Bacillus cultivated in liquid cultures reached a maximum at 24 h, with levels of 340.908 U/mL. Starch and maltose were the best substrates for enzyme production while some pure sugars such as fructose, glucose, and sucrose could not influence production of protease. Among various organic nitrogen sources corn steep liquor, which is commercial, was found as the best substrate followed by yeast extract, whey protein, and beef extract. The optimal pH and optimal temperature of enzyme production were 8.0 and 45°C, respectively. Studies on enzymatic characterization revealed that crude protease showed maximum activity at pH 9.0 and 60°C, which is indicating the enzyme to be thermoalkaline protease.

scholarly journals Fermentative Production and Thermostability Characterization of Amylase from Aspergillus Species and Its Application Potential Evaluation in Desizing of Cotton Cloth

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murali Krishna Chimata ◽  
Chellu S. Chetty ◽  
Challa Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Carbon Substrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate Precipitation ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Steep Liquor

The production of extracellular amylase was investigated employing our laboratory isolate, Aspergillus niger sp. MK 07 and effect of process variables on enzyme production, was studied in a fermentor. It was found that amylase production was maximum when the fermentor volume was maintained at 70%, rate of agitation at 250 rpm, air supply at 2.5 vvm, inoculum concentration of 10%, and a pH of 5.0. Highest enzyme production obtained under all optimized conditions was 1734 U/mL with sucrose as carbon substrate and corn steep liquor as nitrogen source. Enzyme purification studies by ammonium sulphate precipitation and Sephadex G-100 chromatography was evaluated for obtaining purified enzyme. Thermostability of amylase were evaluated with varying concentrations from 0.2 to 0.5 M concentrations of calcium chloride and the highest activity obtained was 3115 U/mL with 0.3 M calcium chloride at 55°C. Effect of temperature and pH on the activity of purified enzyme was evaluated and the purified enzyme showed an activity till 75°C and a pH of 6.5. Application potential of partially purified alpha amylase on desizing of cotton cloth was evaluated with varying enzyme concentrations from 50 to 500 U/mL and the highest desizing activity was found to be at 300 U/mL.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Bok Choy Growth and Quality in Hydroponic Cultures

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Kazuki Kano ◽  
Hiroaki Kitazawa ◽  
Keitaro Suzuki ◽  
Ani Widiastuti ◽  
Hiromitsu Odani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Steep Liquor

Effects of corn steep liquor (organic fertilizer, OF) and conventional chemical fertilizer (CF) on the growth and yield of bok choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) in summer and autumn hydroponic growing systems were compared. When OF and CF were applied with the same amount of total nitrogen in summer cultivation, there was no significant difference between yields; however, the growth rate in OF was slower than in CF. When OF was applied with twice the amount of nitrogen in CF (OF2), bok choy growth and yield were significantly inhibited in summer cultivation, likely owing to dissolved oxygen deficiency and different rates of nitrification and nitrogen absorbance by the plant root. Although the contents of potassium, calcium, and magnesium in bok choy showed no difference among the three treatments in both cultivation seasons, the carbon/nitrogen ratio tended to be higher in OF and OF2 than in CF. Lower nitric acid and higher ascorbic acid content was found in OF and OF2 than in CF. Overall, our results suggest that a comparable yield is expected by using the same nitrogen amount with a conventional recipe of chemical fertilization in autumn cultivation. However, further improvement of hydroponic management is needed in summer cultivation.

scholarly journals Effects of corn steep liquor on β-poly(l-malic acid) production in Aureobasidium melanogenum

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Genan Wang ◽  
Bingyi Shi ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Tingbin Zhao ◽  
Haisong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
Aureobasidium Melanogenum

Abstractβ-poly(l-malic acid) (PMLA) is a water-soluble biopolymer used in medicine, food, and other industries. However, the low level of PMLA biosynthesis in microorganisms limits its further application in the biotechnological industry. In this study, corn steep liquor (CSL), which processes high nutritional value and low-cost characteristics, was selected as a growth factor to increase the PMLA production in strain, Aureobasidium melanogenum, and its metabolomics change under the CSL addition was investigated. The results indicated that, with 3 g/L CSL, PMLA production, cell growth, and yield (Yp/x) were increased by 32.76%, 41.82%, and 47.43%, respectively. The intracellular metabolites of A. melanogenum, such as amino acids, organic acids, and key intermediates in the TCA cycle, increased after the addition of CSL, and the enrichment analysis showed that tyrosine may play a major role in the PMLA biosynthesis. The results presented in this study demonstrated that the addition of CSL would be an efficient approach to improve PMLA production.

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