Interactions of cationic polystyrene nanoparticles with marine bivalve hemocytes in a physiological environment: Role of soluble hemolymph proteins

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Canesi ◽  
Caterina Ciacci ◽  
Rita Fabbri ◽  
Teresa Balbi ◽  
Annalisa Salis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Polystyrene Nanoparticles ◽  
Hemolymph Proteins

Role of extracellular polymeric substances in the acute inhibition of activated sludge by polystyrene nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 859-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Juan Feng ◽  
Jing-Jing Wang ◽  
Shu-Chang Liu ◽  
Xiao-Dong Sun ◽  
Xian-Zheng Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Polystyrene Nanoparticles

scholarly journals Surface Charge-Dependent Cellular Uptake of Polystyrene Nanoparticles

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyeon Jeon ◽  
Jessica Clavadetscher ◽  
Dong-Keun Lee ◽  
Sunay Chankeshwara ◽  
Mark Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Protein Corona ◽  
Polystyrene Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Impact ◽  
Corona Formation ◽  
Different Types

The evaluation of the role of physicochemical properties in the toxicity of nanoparticles is important for the understanding of toxicity mechanisms and for controlling the behavior of nanoparticles. The surface charge of nanoparticles is suggested as one of the key parameters which decide their biological impact. In this study, we synthesized fluorophore-conjugated polystyrene nanoparticles (F-PLNPs), with seven different types of surface functional groups that were all based on an identical core, to evaluate the role of surface charge in the cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Phagocytic differentiated THP-1 cells or non-phagocytic A549 cells were incubated with F-PLNP for 4 h, and their cellular uptake was quantified by fluorescence intensity and confocal microscopy. The amount of internalized F-PLNPs showed a good positive correlation with the zeta potential of F-PLNPs in both cell lines (Pearson’s r = 0.7021 and 0.7852 for zeta potential vs. cellular uptake in THP-1 cells and nonphagocytic A549 cells, respectively). This result implies that surface charge is the major parameter determining cellular uptake efficiency, although other factors such as aggregation/agglomeration, protein corona formation, and compositional elements can also influence the cellular uptake partly or indirectly.

Assessing the role of abundance in marine bivalve extinction over the post-Paleozoic

Paleobiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Simpson ◽  
Paul G. Harnik
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Nonlinear Relationship ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
Marine Bivalves ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Shaped Pattern

Abundance is one of the primary factors believed to influence extinction yet little is known about its relationship to extinction rates over geologic time. Using data from the Paleobiology Database we show that abundance was an important factor in the extinction dynamics of marine bivalve genera over the post-Paleozoic. Contrary to expectations, our analyses reveal a nonlinear relationship between abundance and extinction rates, with rare and abundant genera exhibiting rates elevated over those of genera of moderate abundance. This U-shaped pattern is a persistent feature of the post-Paleozoic history of marine bivalves and provides one possible explanation for why we find strong support for heterogeneous extinction rates among genera grouped by similarity in abundance yet effectively no net relationship among these rates when using models of directional selection on abundance.

scholarly journals The Flow Dependent Adhesion of von Willebrand Factor (VWF)-A1 Functionalized Nanoparticles in an in Vitro Coronary Stenosis Model

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 2679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yathreb Asaad ◽  
Mark Epshtein ◽  
Andrew Yee ◽  
Netanel Korin
Keyword(s):  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Coronary Stenosis ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Polystyrene Nanoparticles ◽  
A1 Domain ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

In arterial thrombosis, von Willebrand factor (VWF) bridges platelets to sites of vascular injury. The adhesive properties of VWF are controlled by its different domains, which may be engineered into ligands for targeting nanoparticles to vascular injuries. Here, we functionalized 200 nm polystyrene nanoparticles with the VWF-A1 domain and studied their spatial adhesion to collagen or collagen-VWF coated, real-sized coronary stenosis models under physiological flow. When VWF-A1 nano-particles (A1-NPs) were perfused through a 75% stenosis model coated with collagen-VWF, the particles preferentially adhered at the post stenotic region relative to the pre-stenosis region while much less adhesion was detected at the stenosis neck (~ 65-fold less). When infused through collagen-coated models or when the A1 coating density of nanoparticles was reduced by 100-fold, the enhanced adhesion at the post-stenotic site was abolished. In a 60% stenosis model, the adhesion of A1-NPs to collagen-VWF-coated models depended on the location examined within the stenosis. Altogether, our results indicate that VWF-A1 NPs exhibit a flow-structure dependent adhesion to VWF and illustrate the important role of studying cardiovascular nano-medicines in settings that closely model the size, geometry, and hemodynamics of pathological environments.

Heterogeneous Diffusion of Polystyrene Nanoparticles through an Alginate Matrix: The Role of Cross-linking and Particle Size

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 5159-5166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joann M. Rodríguez-Suárez ◽  
Caitlyn S. Butler ◽  
Anne Gershenson ◽  
Boris L. T. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Polystyrene Nanoparticles ◽  
Alginate Matrix

scholarly journals Role of Acetone in the Formation of Highly Dispersed Cationic Polystyrene Nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lusi Ernawati ◽  
Ratna Balgis ◽  
Takashi Ogi ◽  
Kikuo Okuyama ◽  
Tomonori Takada
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Polystyrene Nanoparticles ◽  
Emulsion Droplets ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Emulsion Polymerisation ◽  
Highly Dispersed ◽  
The Stability

Abstract A modified emulsion polymerisation synthesis route for preparing highly dispersed cationic polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles is reported. The combined use of 2,2′-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin- 2-yl)propane] di-hydrochloride (VA-044) as the initiator and acetone/water as the solvent medium afforded successful synthesis of cationic PS particles as small as 31 nm in diameter. A formation mechanism for the preparation of PS nanoparticles was proposed, whereby the occurrence of rapid acetone diffusion caused spontaneous rupture of emulsion droplets into smaller droplets. Additionally, acetone helped to reduce the surface tension and increase the solubility of styrene, thus inhibiting aggregation and coagulation among the particles. In contrast, VA-044 initiator could effectively regulate the stability of the PS nanoparticles including both the surface charge and size. Other reaction parameters i.e. VA-044 concentration and reaction time were examined to establish the optimum polymerisation conditions.

scholarly journals Role of membrane disturbance and oxidative stress in the mode of action underlying the toxicity of differently charged polystyrene nanoparticles

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (37) ◽  
pp. 19321-19330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourav Bhattacharjee ◽  
Dmitry Ershov ◽  
Mohammed A. Islam ◽  
Angela M. Kämpfer ◽  
Katarzyna A. Maslowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Polystyrene Nanoparticles ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Positively Charged

Positively charged polystyrene nanoparticles show are cytotoxic, induce oxidative stress and create holes/pores in cell membranes.

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