Polystyrene influences bacterial assemblages in Arenicola marina-populated aquatic environments in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Kesy ◽  
Sonja Oberbeckmann ◽  
Felix Müller ◽  
Matthias Labrenz
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Arenicola Marina ◽  
Bacterial Assemblages

Oxidation products of α- and β-amyrins: potential tracers of abiotic degradation of vascular-plant organic matter in aquatic environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-A. Galeron ◽  
F. Vaultier ◽  
J.-F. Rontani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Rhône River ◽  
Abiotic Degradation ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Rhone River

Environmental contextHow can we know what happens to organic matter in aquatic environments? Although several compounds exist that can be used to trace the origin and state of organic matter, not many are sufficiently stable and specific to trace degradation processes, but α- and β-amyrins can fulfil that role. Such knowledge will help us better understand and better quantify carbon fluxes in riverine and marine environments. AbstractIn order to fulfil the current need for stable and specific tracers to monitor vascular-plant organic matter degradation in aquatic environments, α-amyrin (urs-12-en-3β-ol) and β-amyrin (olean-12-en-3β-ol) were oxidised in vitro and their abiotic degradation products quantified in environmental samples from the Rhône River in France. Although they appear inert to photooxidation, they are clearly affected by autoxidation and the tracer potential of the resulting products was confirmed. Autoxidation of α- and β-amyrins produces urs or olean-12-en-3-one, 3β-hydroxy-urs or olean-12-en-11-one, urs or olean-12-en-3β,11α-diol and urs or olean-12-en-3,11-dione. 3β-Hydroxy-urs-12-en-11-one and 3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-11-one, the main oxidation products detected, were selected as autoxidation tracers. These compounds, specific to autoxidation, were detected in dry leaves of Smilax aspera and in suspended particulate matter samples collected in the Rhône River and evidenced the importance of autoxidation in the degradation of organic matter of terrestrial origin.

scholarly journals Bacterial growth response to copepod grazing in aquatic ecosystems

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian A. Vargas ◽  
L. Antonio Cuevas ◽  
Humberto E. González ◽  
Giovanni Daneri
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Coastal Embayment ◽  
Copepod Grazing ◽  
Bacterial Assemblages

The growth rate response of bacterial communities to the potential increase of dissolved organic matter (DOM) produced by the copepod Acartia tonsa was assessed in experiments conducted in three stations representing three contrasting aquatic environments (coastal embayment, shelf and ocean). Bacterial assemblages were inoculated in filtered seawater where A. tonsa had previously grazed. Utilization of DOM over time was evaluated after the addition of bacterial inoculums as the biomass changes in both ‘control’ and ‘copepod’ treatments. In the embayment and ocean a high bacterial growth was observed in the treatments with seawater where copepod were feeding. Additional field measurements of bacterial, primary production and zooplankton biomass support the idea that bacterial communities living in oceanic environments can be efficient to utilize the newly available substrate. Copepods play a key role not only as conveyors of carbon up through the classical food-web, but also generated significant amounts of bacterial substrate in the microbial loop food-web.

Investigating the significance of dissolved organic contaminants in aquatic environments: Coupling passive sampling with in vitro bioassays

Chemosphere ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel S. Emelogu ◽  
Pat Pollard ◽  
Craig D. Robinson ◽  
Foppe Smedes ◽  
Lynda Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
In Vitro Bioassays

scholarly journals A therapeutic oxygen carrier isolated from Arenicola marina decreased P. gingivalis induced inflammation and tissue destruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fareeha Batool ◽  
Céline Stutz ◽  
Catherine Petit ◽  
Nadia Benkirane-Jessel ◽  
Eric Delpy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Immune Modulators ◽  
Arenicola Marina ◽  
Oral Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Score ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract The control of inflammation and infection is crucial for periodontal wound healing and regeneration. M101, an oxygen carrier derived from Arenicola marina, was tested for its anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious potential based on its anti-oxidative and tissue oxygenation properties. In vitro, no cytotoxicity was observed in oral epithelial cells (EC) treated with M101. M101 (1 g/L) reduced significantly the gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, NF-κΒ and RANKL in P. gingivalis-LPS stimulated and P. gingivalis-infected EC. The proteome array revealed significant down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-8) and chemokine ligands (RANTES and IP-10), and upregulation of pro-healing mediators (PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, IL-10, IL-2, IL-4, IL-11 and IL-15) and, extracellular and immune modulators (TIMP-2, M-CSF and ICAM-1). M101 significantly increased the gene expression of Resolvin-E1 receptor. Furthermore, M101 treatment reduced P. gingivalis biofilm growth over glass surface, observed with live/dead analysis and by decreased P. gingivalis 16 s rRNA expression (51.7%) (p < 0.05). In mice, M101 reduced the clinical abscess size (50.2%) in P. gingivalis-induced calvarial lesion concomitant with a decreased inflammatory score evaluated through histomorphometric analysis, thus, improving soft tissue and bone healing response. Therefore, M101 may be a novel therapeutic agent that could be beneficial in the management of P. gingivalis associated diseases.

scholarly journals Importance of strain type to predict the toxicological risk associated with Microcystis aeruginosa blooms: comparison of Microtox® analysis and immunoassay

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D'ors ◽  
M. C. Bartolomé ◽  
S. Sánchez-Fortún
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Microcystin Concentration ◽  
Bioluminescence Assay ◽  
Strain Type ◽  
Toxicological Risk

The occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms in aquatic environments, associated with human health problems and animal deaths, has increased the need for rapid, reliable and sensitive methods to determine the toxicity of microcystin produced by cyanobacteria. An in vitro Microtox® system and a commercially available microcystin ELISA were used to screen out the potential risk associated with selected Microcystis aeruginosa strains (Ma1D–Ma8D). Results showed the existence of three differentiated groups in the selected M. aeruginosa strains. Strains Ma7D and Ma6D were determined to be very toxic, strains Ma2D, Ma1D and Ma5D as moderately toxic and strains Ma8D, Ma4D and MA3D as non-toxic. These results agreed with the microcystin concentration values obtained by immunoassay. Although the data obtained by other authors clearly show that Microtox® is not sensitive to microcystins, our results suggested that this bioluminescence assay may prove useful in the preliminary screening of cyanobacterial blooms for microcystin-based toxicity. Additionally, the combination of immunodetection and toxicity-based Microtox® provides a useful addition to the methods already available for detection of cyanobacterial toxins.

Host Defence Reactions of the Shore Crab, Carcinus Maenas (L.), in Vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie J. Smith ◽  
N. A. Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Defence Reactions

The Crustacea play an important economic role in the marine and aquatic environments not only as a food source but also in the productivity of the fisheries. Exploitation of these resources has led to a need for intensive culture methods which impose physiological stress on the animals and consequently increase the incidence of disease. The need to reduce the lethal and debilitating effects of pathogens has stimulated a renewed interest in the defence mechanisms of the Crustacea.

Influence of zinc on bacterial populations and their proteolytic enzyme activities in freshwater environments: a cross-site comparison

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Rasmussen ◽  
Ola A. Olapade
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Proteolytic Enzyme ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Bacterial Assemblages ◽  
Role Of Zn ◽  
Freshwater Environments

Temporal responses of indigenous bacterial populations and proteolytic enzyme (i.e., aminopeptidase) activities in the bacterioplankton assemblages from 3 separate freshwater environments were examined after exposure to various zinc (Zn) concentrations under controlled microcosm conditions. Zn concentrations (ranging from 0 to 10 μmol/L) were added to water samples collected from the Kalamazoo River, Rice Creek, and Huron River and examined for bacterial abundance and aminopeptidase activities at various time intervals over a 48 h incubation period in the dark. The results showed that the Zn concentrations did not significantly influence total bacterial counts directly; however, aminopeptidase activities varied significantly to increasing zinc treatments over time. Also, analysis of variance and linear regression analyses revealed significant positive relationships between bacterial numbers and their hydrolytic enzyme activities, suggesting that both probably co-vary with increasing Zn concentrations in aquatic systems. The results from this study serve as additional evidence of the ecological role of Zn as an extracellular peptidase cofactor on the dynamics of bacterial assemblages in aquatic environments.

scholarly journals Redesigning Arenicin-1, an Antimicrobial Peptide from the Marine Polychaeta Arenicola marina, by Strand Rearrangement or Branching, Substitution of Specific Residues, and Backbone Linearization or Cyclization

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy S. Orlov ◽  
Olga V. Shamova ◽  
Igor E. Eliseev ◽  
Maria S. Zharkova ◽  
Oleg B. Chakchir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Arenicola Marina ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Arenicin-1, a β-sheet antimicrobial peptide isolated from the marine polychaeta Arenicola marina coelomocytes, has a potent, broad-spectrum microbicidal activity and also shows significant toxicity towards mammalian cells. Several variants were rationally designed to elucidate the role of structural features such as cyclization, a certain symmetry of the residue arrangement, or the presence of specific residues in the sequence, in its membranolytic activity and the consequent effect on microbicidal efficacy and toxicity. The effect of variations on the structure was probed using molecular dynamics simulations, which indicated a significant stability of the β-hairpin scaffold and showed that modifying residue symmetry and β-strand arrangement affected both the twist and the kink present in the native structure. In vitro assays against a panel of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including drug-resistant clinical isolates, showed that inversion of the residue arrangement improved the activity against Gram-negative strains but decreased it towards Gram-positive ones. Variants with increased symmetry were somewhat less active, whereas both backbone-cyclized and linear versions of the peptides, as well as variants with R→K and W→F replacement, showed antimicrobial activity comparable with that of the native peptide. All these variants permeabilized both the outer and the inner membranes of Escherichia coli, suggesting that a membranolytic mechanism of action was maintained. Our results indicate that the arenicin scaffold can support a considerable degree of variation while maintaining useful biological properties and can thus serve as a template for the elaboration of novel anti-infective agents.

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