Sourcing methane and carbon dioxide emissions from a small city: Influence of natural gas leakage and combustion

2016 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel D. Chamberlain ◽  
Anthony R. Ingraffea ◽  
Jed P. Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Small City ◽  
Gas Leakage

scholarly journals Effect of the age and season of fattening period on carbon dioxide emissions from broiler housing

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Knížatová ◽  
Š. Mihina ◽  
J. Brouček ◽  
I. Karandušovská ◽  
G.J. Sauter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Chicken House ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fattening Period

The quantification of emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities is of prime importance for determining the importance of their effect on the environment. The aim of this study was to test a hypothesis that the interior concentration and emission of carbon dioxide in chicken housing is impacted by the age of animals and season of fattening period. Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) concentrations and emissions were assessed over six fattening periods in total. The major part of CO<sub>2</sub> seemed to have its origin in bird respiration with assumed production of approx. 147 kg of CO2/h. CO<sub>2</sub> emission was most affected by chickens towards the end of the grow-out period (P &lt; 0.001) taking dominance over the process of natural gas burning by heaters. The mean CO<sub>2</sub> emission from the chicken house ranged between 120 and 247 kg/h in the first quarter of periods and between 325 and 459 kg/h in the last ones. The heaters could be theoretically a possible source of approx. 39 kg each hour if they worked continuously. CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were considerably more affected by ventilation rate (P &lt; 0.001) than by CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in the indoor air.

scholarly journals Analysis of Carbon Tax on Selected European Countries: Does Carbon Tax Reduce Emissions?

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ali Eren Alper
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Environmental Taxes

Since the first days of its existence, the humanity had been using natural resources to meet its needs. Especially along with the globalization period as a result of the Industrial Revolution and the rapid development of communication technologies within the last fifty years, the production has increased significantly in the world and has created negative effects on the environment. The leading adverse effects involve the emission of greenhouse gases and the global warming, which stem from the energy supply of fossil fuels as the main inputs of production. The global warming can be described as an increase in temperature worldwide. Irreversibility is the most important feature of the global warming. Therefore, in the absence of objective measures, the future costs would be much higher than the current ones. For this reason, governments need to take various measures to reduce the volume of emissions. The most important of these measures is carbon taxes. Carbon taxation encourages individuals to use fewer fossil fuels and to find new sources of energy by increasing the cost of using fossil fuels that cause carbon dioxide emissions through the price mechanism. To this end, the impacts of carbon tax levied in 18 selected European countries on economic growth, urbanization, natural gas and petroleum usage, and CO2 emissions are examined by panel data analysis for the 1995-2015 period. The analysis results indicate that a 1% increase in environmental taxes reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 0.9%. Furthermore, it is reported that a 1% increase in natural gas and petroleum consumption among the variables included in the analysis increased carbon dioxide emissions by 0.1% and 0.7%, respectively; while a 1% increase in urbanization reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 0.9%.

THE EFFECT OF DOMESTIC AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION AND FRACKING ON RETIREMENTS OF COAL POWER PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950008 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH G. SCHIAVO ◽  
ROBERT MENDELSOHN
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Natural Gas Prices ◽  
Coal Power Plants ◽  
Coal Power ◽  
Gas Plants

This paper quantifies the magnitude of multiple potential causes of coal-fired power plant retirements since 1997. The paper finds that although the low natural gas prices from fracking have increased retirements, the foremost cause of retirements has been the tightening of criteria air pollutant regulations. These pollution regulations encouraged significant mitigation investments to reduce sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and small particulate emissions. But the regulations also induced higher coal plant retirement rates which then reduced carbon dioxide emissions. Even accounting for the resulting increase in emissions from new natural gas plants, the regulations eliminated over a billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions. In this example, strict mitigation to protect domestic public health has led to sizable global co-benefits.

APPLICATION OF THE CARNOL PROCESS TO PRODUCE METHANOL AND REDUCE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
A. S. SVIRIDOV ◽  
◽  
P. E. NOR ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Methanol Production

The Carnol system is the production of methanol from carbon dioxide (obtained from coal-fired power plants) and natural gas, and the use of the resulting methanol as an alternative fuel. The Carnol process produces hydrogen by thermal decomposition of natural gas, which then interacts with the CO2 extracted from the flue emissions of power plants. The resulting carbon can be stored or used as a raw material. The paper provides an estimated characteristic of the reduction of CO2 emissions of the Carnol process and system, and compares it with other traditional methanol production processes, including the use of biomass of industrial raw materials and vehicles powered by methanol fuel cells. CO2 emissions from a Carnol system that uses methanol as an alternative fuel can be reduced by 56 % compared to a conventional coal-fired power plant system. In the case of the use of methanol as fuel for motor vehicles, carbon dioxide emissions.

scholarly journals Natural Gas Production from Methane Hydrate Deposits Using Clathrate Sequestration: State-of-the-Art Review and New Technical Approaches

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Nago ◽  
Antonio Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Methane Hydrates ◽  
Methane Recovery ◽  
Natural Gas Production ◽  
Recovery Potential

This paper focuses on reviewing the currently available solutions for natural gas production from methane hydrate deposits using CO2 sequestration. Methane hydrates are ice-like materials, which form at low temperature and high pressure and are located in permafrost areas and oceanic environments. They represent a huge hydrocarbon resource, which could supply the entire world for centuries. Fossil-fuel-based energy is still a major source of carbon dioxide emissions which contribute greatly to the issue of global warming and climate change. Geological sequestration of carbon dioxide appears as the safest and most stable way to reduce such emissions for it involves the trapping of CO2 into hydrocarbon reservoirs and aquifers. Indeed, CO2 can also be sequestered as hydrates while helping dissociate the in situ methane hydrates. The studies presented here investigate the molecular exchange between CO2 and CH4 that occurs when methane hydrates are exposed to CO2, thus generating the release of natural gas and the trapping of carbon dioxide as gas clathrate. These projects include laboratory studies on the synthesis, thermodynamics, phase equilibrium, kinetics, cage occupancy, and the methane recovery potential of the mixed CO2–CH4 hydrate. An experimental and numerical evaluation of the effect of porous media on the gas exchange is described. Finally, a few field studies on the potential of this new gas hydrate recovery technique are presented.

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