Impacts of nitrogen deposition on herbaceous ground flora and epiphytic foliose lichen species in southern Ontario hardwood forests

2015 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. McDonough ◽  
Shaun A. Watmough
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Ground Flora ◽  
Foliose Lichen

scholarly journals Ammonia Emission and Deposition in Scotland and Its Potential Environmental Impacts

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 795-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Sutton ◽  
U. Dragosits ◽  
S. Hellsten ◽  
C.J. Place ◽  
A.J. Dore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Ground Flora ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range

The main source of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) in Scotland is livestock agriculture, which accounts for 85% of emissions. The local magnitude of emissions therefore depends on livestock density, type, and management, with major differences occurring in various parts of Scotland. Local differences in agricultural activities therefore result in a wide range of NH3emissions, ranging from less than 0.2 kg N ha−1year−1in remote areas of the Scottish Highlands to over 100 kg N ha−1year−1in areas with intensive poultry farming. Scotland can be divided loosely into upland and lowland areas, with NH3emission being less than and more than 5 kg N ha−1year−1, respectively.Many semi-natural ecosystems in Scotland are vulnerable to nitrogen deposition, including bogs, moorlands, and the woodland ground flora. Because NH3emissions occur in the rural environment, the local deposition to sensitive ecosystems may be large, making it essential to assess the spatial distribution of NH3emissions and deposition. A spatial model is applied here to map NH3emissions and these estimates are applied in atmospheric dispersion and deposition models to estimate atmospheric concentrations of NH3and NH4+, dry deposition of NH3, and wet deposition of NHx. Although there is a high level of local variability, modelled NH3concentrations show good agreement with the National Ammonia Monitoring Network, while wet deposition is largest at high altitude sites in the south and west of Scotland. Comparison of the modelled NHxdeposition fields with estimated thresholds for environmental effects (“critical loads”) shows that thresholds are exceeded across most of lowland Scotland and the Southern Uplands. Only in the cleanest parts of the north and west is nitrogen deposition not a cause for concern. Given that the most intense effects occur within a few kilometres of sources, it is suggested that local spatial abatement policies would be a useful complement to traditional policies that mitigate environmental effects based on emission reduction technologies.

scholarly journals Lichens growth on Sun Temple of Konark in Odisha, India- A curse or blessing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar Nayak ◽  
Prashant Kumar Behera ◽  
Rajesh Bajpai ◽  
Dalip Kumar Upreti ◽  
Kunja Bihari Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Present Observation ◽  
Crustose Lichen ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Foliose Lichen ◽  
Lichen Growth

The present observation on the famous Sun Temple of Konark, Odisha for Lichen growth revealed that a more than 500 different spots were found on main temple, small sculptures erected within the temple premises and boundary walls. A total of 15 species belonging 14 genera and 11 families were found growing on the sites surveyed. Ten lichen species tightly adhere to the substrate forming crust (crustose lichen) and producing secondary metabolites were dominated on almost all the sites while only four leafy (foliose lichen) species and one squamulose species were recorded.

scholarly journals Lichens growth on Sun Temple of Konark in Odisha, India- A curse or blessing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar Nayak ◽  
Prashant Kumar Behera ◽  
Rajesh Bajpai ◽  
Dalip Kumar Upreti ◽  
Kunja Bihari Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Present Observation ◽  
Crustose Lichen ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Foliose Lichen ◽  
Lichen Growth

The present observation on the famous Sun Temple of Konark, Odisha for Lichen growth revealed that a more than 500 different spots were found on main temple, small sculptures erected within the temple premises and boundary walls. A total of 15 species belonging 14 genera and 11 families were found growing on the sites surveyed. Ten lichen species tightly adhere to the substrate forming crust (crustose lichen) and producing secondary metabolites were dominated on almost all the sites while only four leafy (foliose lichen) species and one quamulose species were recorded.

MASTODONS, THEIR GEOLOGIC AGE AND EXTINCTION IN ONTARIO, CANADA

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreimanis
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Spruce Forests

Most Canadian occurrences of mastodons are from southern Ontario. About four-fifths of them have been found below Lake Warren shore, thus being younger than 12 400 years B.P.; the youngest radiocarbon date is 8 910 ± 150 years B.P. Though most mastodons entered Ontario after the retreat of the Wisconsin ice sheet, a few occurrences may belong to the Mid- and Early Wisconsin interstadials. Association of spruce pollen with mastodon bones and concentration of mastodons in the poorly drained lacustrine plains during the late-glacial and early postglacial time suggest that mastodons preferred spruce forests or woodlands. The extinction of mastodons might have been initiated by gradual shrinking of these spruce forests, and completed by their disappearance from southwestern Ontario, owing to increasing warmth and dryness of postglacial climate, and improvement of drainage along the lowered Great Lakes. Mastodons did not find their way to the northern boreal spruce forests, being separated from them by a wide belt of pine and hardwood forests, which meanwhile had developed over the better drained morainic areas of southern Ontario. Weakened by less suitable food, mastodons became more sensitive to diseases and an easier prey to the Paleoindians.

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