scholarly journals Atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls in Indian cities: Levels, emission sources and toxicity equivalents

2013 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paromita Chakraborty ◽  
Gan Zhang ◽  
Sabine Eckhardt ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Knut Breivik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Indian Cities

Remoteness from Emission Sources Explains the Fractionation Pattern of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Northern Hemisphere

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (16) ◽  
pp. 6183-6188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald von Waldow ◽  
Matthew MacLeod ◽  
Kevin Jones ◽  
Martin Scheringer ◽  
Konrad Hungerbühler
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Fractionation Pattern

scholarly journals Contamination Status and Emission Sources of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Settled Dust from End-of-life Vehicle Processing and Urban Areas, Northern Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Quoc Anh ◽  
Shin Takahashi ◽  
Tu Binh Minh ◽  
Tran Manh Tri
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Organic Pigments ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Settled Dust ◽  
Equipment Application

Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) including 43 congeners of 10 homologs were determined in settled dust samples collected from urban houses and end-of-life vehicle (ELV) processing workshops in northern Vietnam. Concentrations of total 43 PCBs (ΣPCBs), 7 indicator PCBs (IN-PCBs), and 12 dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) in the ELV workshop dusts were significantly higher than those measured in the urban house dusts, suggesting ELV processing activities as potential sources of PCBs. However, concentrations of PCB-11 (3,3’-dichlorobiphenyl) in the urban house dusts (mean 4.5; range 1.2–8.7 ng/g) were markedly higher than levels found in the ELV workshop dusts (1.6; 0.46–5.4 ng/g). PCB-11 is a novel congener because it is only a trace component of technical PCB mixtures but identified as a major impurity of many organic pigments, especially diarylide yellow pigments. PCB patterns of the ELV workshop dusts were dominated by penta- and hexa-PCBs with major congeners as PCB-118, -138, -153, -110, and -101, which were also principal components of technical formulations such as Aroclor 1254, Kanechlor 500, and Sovol. Meanwhile, PCB-11 served as the most predominant congener detected in the urban house dusts, implying current emissions from paints and pigmented products; however, this point should be confirmed by further studies on the occurrence of PCBs in Vietnamese commercial products. Apart from PCB-11, the urban house dusts also contained elevated proportions of penta- and hexa-PCBs, suggesting residues from electrical equipment application in the past. Our results indicate that even though PCBs are legacy and banned chemicals, their presence has been observed in indoor environments due to their persistent nature and novel emission sources. Further studies on the occurrence and emission behavior of these pollutants should be conducted, including not only congeners in technical mixtures but also unintentionally produced compounds.

scholarly journals Soil concentrations, occurrence, sources and estimation of air–soil exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls in Indian cities

2016 ◽  
Vol 562 ◽  
pp. 928-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paromita Chakraborty ◽  
Gan Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Sakthivel Selvaraj ◽  
Knut Breivik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Indian Cities

scholarly journals Nature of air pollution, emission sources, and management in the Indian cities

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 501-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarath K. Guttikunda ◽  
Rahul Goel ◽  
Pallavi Pant
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Pollution Emission ◽  
Indian Cities

Angular size of OH emission regions

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
B. F. Burke ◽  
P. P. Crowther ◽  
J. M. Moran ◽  
A. E. E. Rogers ◽  
J. A. Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Size ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Ngc 6334

Interferometry gives effective diameters less than 20″ for the OH emission sources in W3and Sgr B2. The sources in W49and NGC 6334 contain two or more components, some of which are smaller than 25″.

High resolution at low voltage: A new approach

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
Arthur V. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Probe Diameter ◽  
Low Voltage Operation ◽  
Sufficient Intensity ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Immersion Type

With the introduction of field-emission sources and “immersion-type” objective lenses, the resolution obtainable with modern scanning electron microscopes is approaching that obtainable in STEM and TEM-but only with specific types of specimens. Bulk specimens still suffer from the restrictions imposed by internal scattering and the need to be conducting. Advances in coating techniques have largely overcome these problems but for a sizeable body of specimens, the restrictions imposed by coating are unacceptable.For such specimens, low voltage operation, with its low beam penetration and freedom from charging artifacts, is the method of choice.Unfortunately the technical dificulties in producing an electron beam sufficiently small and of sufficient intensity are considerably greater at low beam energies — so much so that a radical reevaluation of convential design concepts is needed.The probe diameter is usually given by

Pesticide and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) residues in foodstuffs from Ismailia city, Egypt

2008 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Loutfy ◽  
M. Fuerhacker ◽  
C. Lesueur ◽  
M. Gartner ◽  
M. Tawfic Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Administrative Politics in Two Indian Cities

Asian Survey ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Donald B. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Indian Cities
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