scholarly journals Cocaine and cannabinoids in the atmosphere of Northern Europe cities, comparison with Southern Europe and wastewater analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catia Balducci ◽  
David C. Green ◽  
Paola Romagnoli ◽  
Mattia Perilli ◽  
Christer Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Europe ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Wastewater Analysis

scholarly journals The Spectrum of FANCM Protein Truncating Variants in European Breast Cancer Cases

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisella Figlioli ◽  
Anders Kvist ◽  
Emma Tham ◽  
Jana Soukupova ◽  
Petra Kleiblova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
Initial Spectrum ◽  
European Populations

Germline protein truncating variants (PTVs) in the FANCM gene have been associated with a 2–4-fold increased breast cancer risk in case-control studies conducted in different European populations. However, the distribution and the frequency of FANCM PTVs in Europe have never been investigated. In the present study, we collected the data of 114 European female breast cancer cases with FANCM PTVs ascertained in 20 centers from 13 European countries. We identified 27 different FANCM PTVs. The p.Gln1701* PTV is the most common PTV in Northern Europe with a maximum frequency in Finland and a lower relative frequency in Southern Europe. On the contrary, p.Arg1931* seems to be the most common PTV in Southern Europe. We also showed that p.Arg658*, the third most common PTV, is more frequent in Central Europe, and p.Gln498Thrfs*7 is probably a founder variant from Lithuania. Of the 23 rare or unique FANCM PTVs, 15 have not been previously reported. We provide here the initial spectrum of FANCM PTVs in European breast cancer cases.

scholarly journals Molecular Quantification and Genetic Diversity of Toxigenic Fusarium Species in Northern Europe as Compared to Those in Southern Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapani Yli-Mattila ◽  
Sari Rämö ◽  
Veli Hietaniemi ◽  
Taha Hussien ◽  
Ana Carlobos-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Southern Europe

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Gold Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for New Construction 2009 Certified Projects in Finland, Sweden, Turkey, and Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pushkar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
European Regions ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The Difference

The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is currently intensively applied in several European countries. The aims of the present study were to compare the difference between (i) two countries from the same region (i.e., Finland vs. Sweden or Turkey vs. Spain) and (ii) two European regions (northern Europe [Finland and Sweden] vs. [Turkey and Spain]) when the LEED- New Construction (NC) 2009 Certified rating level certified projects were analyzed. We found that, in the northern and southern parts of Europe, LEED- NC 2009 credit achievements in terms of Sustainable Sites (SS), Water Efficiency (WE), Materials and Resources (MR), and Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) were similar, whereas credit achievements in Energy and Atmosphere (EA) were different. High achievements were revealed in WE and SS, with values of 80–100% and 70–75%, respectively; intermediate achievements were revealed in EQ, with values of 40–60%; and low achievements were revealed in MR (20–40%). EA achievements were intermediate (60–65%) in northern Europe, while they were low in southern Europe (40%). This evidence can help recognize the categories that are performed with a high number of points and those that are performed with a low number of points.

The Rise of the English Shipping Industry in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Davis
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
The West ◽  
Comprehensive Index

This volume is a reprint of Ralph Davis’ seminal 1962 book, The Rise of the English Shipping Industry in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The aim was to examine the economic reasons for the growth of British shipping before the arrival of modern technology, with a particular attention on overseas trade. The study can roughly be divided into two halves. The first is an in-depth exploration the roles within the shipping industry, from shipbuilders and shipowners to seamen and masters, from an economic perspective. The second is a chapter-by-chapter review of British overseas trade with Northern Europe, Southern Europe, the Mediterranean, East India, and America and the West Indies. The final two chapters diverge from the main sections, and focus on the interplay between government, war, and shipping. Davis attaches no extra significance to any particular nation or role, and offers an even-handed approach to maritime history still considered rare in the present day. Costs, profits, voyage estimates, ship-prices, and earnings all come under close and equal scrutiny as Davis seeks to understand the trades and developments in shipping during the period. To conclude, he places the study into a broader historical context and discovers that shipping played a measured but crucial role in the development of industrialisation and English economic development. This edition includes an introduction by the series editor; Davis’ introduction and preface; seventeen analytical chapters; a concluding chapter; two appendices concerning shipping statistics and sources; and a comprehensive index.

“Don't Die Here:” The Death and Burial of Protestants in the Hispanic Caribbean, 1840-1885

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Martínez-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Holy War ◽  
Hispanic Caribbean ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
The Caribbean

As early as the first decades of the sixteenth century, when English and Dutch corsairs and privateers began to challenge Spain's exclusivist claims to the New World, the struggle for control over the Americas began to be couched in terms of a holy war. The Caribbean, in particular, became the arena in which the commercial, ideological and military forces of Protestant Northern Europe and Catholic Southern Europe clashed. Spanish officials commonly referred to the English and Dutch intruders as “heretics” and “Lutheran corsairs,” while Francis Drake and his fellow Elizabethan sea dogs believed that their penetration of the New World was a crusade against Popery, Catholic fanaticism and idolatry. These rivalries continued for centuries as new actors, the United States in particular, inherited some of the old roles.

scholarly journals Coronary Calcification and Male Gender Predict Significant Stenosis in Symptomatic Patients in Northern and Southern Europe and the USA: A Euro-CCAD Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Rachel Nicoll ◽  
Axel Diederichsen ◽  
Hans Mickley ◽  
Kristian Ovrehus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Calcification ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Significant Stenosis ◽  
The Usa

Background and Aims: Significant stenosis is the principal cause of stable angina but its predictors and their variation by geographical region are unclear.Methods and Results: From the European Calcific Coronary Artery Disease (Euro-CCAD) cohort, we retrospectively investigated 5515 symptomatic patients from northern Europe (Denmark, France, Germany), southern Europe (Italy, Spain) and USA. All had conventional cardiovascular risk factor assessment, angiography and CT scanning for coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring. There were differences in the patient characteristics between the groups, with the USA patients being younger and having more diet and lifestyle-related risk factors, although hypertension may have been better controlled than in Europe. USA patients had a two-fold increase in prevalence of significant stenosis and a three-fold increase in median CAC score. In all three groups, the log CAC score proved to be the strongest predictor of >50% stenosis followed by male gender. In the USA group, there were no additional independently predictive risk factors, although in northern Europe obesity, hypertension, smoking and hypercholesterolaemia remained predictive, with all risk factors other than hypertension proving to be predictive in the southern Europe group. Without the CAC score as a variable, male gender followed by diabetes were the most important predictors in all three regions, with hypertension also proving predictive in northern Europe.Conclusion:  In symptomatic patients, the CAC score and male gender were the two most important predictors of significant stenosis in symptomatic patients in northern and southern Europe and the USA.

scholarly journals Comparative Performance of High-Yielding European Wheat Cultivars Under Contrasting Mediterranean Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Jário de Lima ◽  
Adrian Gracia-Romero ◽  
Fatima Zahra Rezzouk ◽  
Maria Carmen Diez-Fraile ◽  
Ismael Araus-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Crop Cycle

Understanding the interaction between genotype performance and the target environment is the key to improving genetic gain, particularly in the context of climate change. Wheat production is seriously compromised in agricultural regions affected by water and heat stress, such as the Mediterranean basin. Moreover, wheat production may be also limited by the nitrogen availability in the soil. We have sought to dissect the agronomic and physiological traits related to the performance of 12 high-yield European bread wheat varieties under Mediterranean rainfed conditions and different levels of N fertilization during two contrasting crop seasons. Grain yield was more than two times higher in the first season than the second season and was associated with much greater rainfall and lower temperatures. However, the nitrogen effect was rather minor. Genotypic effects existed for the two seasons. While several of the varieties from central/northern Europe yielded more than those from southern Europe during the optimal season, the opposite trend occurred in the dry season. The varieties from central/northern Europe were associated with delayed phenology and a longer crop cycle, while the varieties from southern Europe were characterized by a shorter crop cycle but comparatively higher duration of the reproductive period, associated with an earlier beginning of stem elongation and a greater number of ears per area. However, some of the cultivars from northern Europe maintained a relatively high yield capacity in both seasons. Thus, KWS Siskin from the UK exhibited intermediate phenology, resulting in a relatively long reproductive period, together with a high green area throughout the crop cycle.

scholarly journals A multi-model study of impacts of climate change on surface ozone in Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 4901-4939 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Langner ◽  
M. Engardt ◽  
A. Baklanov ◽  
J. H. Christensen ◽  
M. Gauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Different Response ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The impact of climate change on surface ozone over Europe was studied using four offline regional chemistry transport models (CTMs) and one online regional integrated climate-chemistry model (CCM) driven by the same global projection of future climate under the SRES A1B scenario. Anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors from RCP4.5 for year 2000 were used for simulations of both present and future periods in order to isolate the impact of climate change and to assess the robustness of the result across the different models. The sensitivity of the simulated surface ozone to changes in climate between the periods 2000–2009 and 2040–2049 differs among the models, but the general pattern of change with an increase in southern Europe and decrease in northern Europe is similar across different models. Emissions of isoprene differ substantially between different CTMs ranging from 1.6 to 8.0 Tg yr−1 for the current climate, partly due to differences in horizontal resolution of meteorological input data. Also the simulated change in isoprene emissions varies substantially across models explaining part of the different response. Average model changes in summer mean ozone and mean of daily maximum ozone exceed 1 ppb(v) in parts of the land area in southern Europe. Corresponding changes of 95-percentiles of hourly ozone exceed 2 ppb(v) in the same region. Over land areas in northern Europe ensemble mean changes in all these measures are mostly negative.

Rosacea

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-275
Author(s):  
Apurva Mishra ◽  
Shanu Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Chronic Skin Disease

Rosacea is a common, chronic skin disease that affects the facial pilo-sebaceous glands. It is characterised by erythema, flushing and sometimes papules. It typically affects the convex surfaces of the face, most commonly the forehead, cheeks, chin and nose. Rosacea predominantly affects the Caucasian population, with prevalence being higher in northern Europe than southern Europe. It is three times more common in females and peaks between 30 and 60 years of age. Rosacea can usually be well managed with topical or oral treatments in primary care, although some forms of rosacea or treatment-resistant cases may need specialist input.

scholarly journals The selfing syndrome overshadows other differences when comparing fitness across Capsella species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Orsucci ◽  
Theofilos Vanikiotis ◽  
Maria Guerrina ◽  
Tianlin Duan ◽  
Sylvain Glémin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History Traits ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Outcrossing Species ◽  
Selfing Syndrome ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYSelf-fertilization has recurrently evolved from outcrossing. Self-fertilization provides an advantage in the short-term as individuals do not require a mate to reproduce, but self-fertilization is also associated with both decreased genetic diversity and accumulation of weakly deleterious mutations, which could, however, be alleviated in polyploid selfers. If pollinators are not limited, individual fitness is thus expected to be higher in outcrossers than in selfers. We measured several life history traits in four Capsella species under two different treatments (disturbed and undisturbed) to assess the effects of mating system and ploidy level on reproductive, vegetative and phenological traits. The experiment was carried out outdoor in Northwest Greece, within the range of the obligate outcrossing species, C. grandiflora, so it could be naturally pollinated and its fitness directly compared to that of its self-fertilizing relatives. Disturbance of the environment did not affect the phenotype in any of the four species. However, for most traits the obligate outcrossing species performed better than all selfing ones. In contrast, polyploidy did not seem to confer an advantage in terms of survival or reproduction compared to diploidy. Finally, plants from Asia and northern Europe had lower performances than accessions from southern Europe and the Middle-East.

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