Erratum to “Projecting future air pollution-related mortality under a changing climate: Progress, uncertainties and research needs” [Environment International 75 (2015): 21–32]

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Lina Madaniyazi ◽  
Yuming Guo ◽  
Weiwei Yu ◽  
Shilu Tong
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Future Air Pollution ◽  
Related Mortality

scholarly journals Impacts of emission changes in China from 2010 to 2017 on domestic and intercontinental air quality and health effect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqiang Zhang ◽  
Drew Shindell ◽  
Karl Seltzer ◽  
Lu Shen ◽  
Jean-Francois Lamarque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Emission Changes ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract. China has seen dramatic emission changes from 2010, especially after the implementation of Clean Air Action in 2013, with significant air quality and human health benefits observed. Air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and surface ozone, as well as their precursors, have long enough lifetime in the troposphere which can be easily transported downwind. So emission changes in China will not only change the regional air quality domestically, but also affect the air quality in downwind regions. In this study, we use a global chemistry transport model to simulate the influence on both domestic and foreign air quality from the emission change from 2010 to 2017 in China. By applying the health impact functions derived from epidemiology studies, we then quantify the changes in air pollution-related (including both PM2.5 and O3) mortality burdens at regional and global scales. The majority of air pollutants in China reach their peak values around 2012 and 2013. Compared with the year 2010, the population-weighted annual PM2.5 in China increases till 2011 (94.1 μg m−3), and then begins to decrease. In 2017, the population-weighted annual PM2.5 decreases by 17.6 %, compared with the values in 2010 (84.7 μg m−3). The estimated national PM2.5 concentration changes in China are comparable with previous studies using fine-resolution regional models, though our model tends to overestimate PM2.5 from 2013 to 2017 when evaluated with surface observation in China during the same periods. The emission changes in China increased the global PM2.5-related mortality burdens from 2010 to 2013, by 27,700 (95 %CI: 23,900–31, 400) deaths yr−1 in 2011, and 13, 300 (11,400–15,100) deaths yr−1 in 2013, among which at least 93 % occurred in China. The sharp emission decreases after 2013 bring significant benefits for reduced avoided premature mortality in 2017, reaching 108, 800 (92,800–124,800) deaths yr−1 globally, among which 92 % happening in China. Different trend as PM2.5, the annual maximum daily 8-hr ozone in China increased, and also the ozone-related premature deaths, ranging from 3,600 (2,700–4,300) deaths yr−1 in 2011 (75 % of global total increased premature deaths), and 8,500 (6,500–9,900) deaths yr−1 in 2017 (143 % of the global total). Downwind regions, such as South Korea, Japan, and U.S. generally see a decreased O3-related mortality burden after 2013 as a combination of increased export of ozone and decreased export of ozone precursors. In general, we conclude that the sharp emission reductions in China after 2013 bring benefits of improved air quality and reduced premature deaths associated with air pollution at global scale. The benefits are dominated by the PM2.5 decreases since the ozone is shown to actually increase with the emission decrease.

scholarly journals Multi-function biosystem based on Arthrospira Platensis for space applications

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Gabriela Soreanu ◽  
Igor Cretescu ◽  
Mariana Diaconu ◽  
Maria Ignat ◽  
Valeria Harabagiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
New Horizons

This study presents an introduction in air revitalisation practice by using a microalgae-based biosystem. Although the study is developed in the light of space applications, it opens new horizons for implementing such systems for terrestrial applications as well, where biotechnologies for addressing climate change and other issues associated with air pollution is in high demand. The experiments have been performed at laboratory-scale by using Arthrospira (spirulina) platensis as microalgae model. Influence of culture and illumination conditions, as well initial gas composition and other factors/techniques such culture filtration on the biosystem performance were investigated and the relevant results are presented and discussed. Based on the actual findings, future research needs are addressed.

scholarly journals Influence of future air pollution mitigation strategies on total aerosol radiative forcing

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (21) ◽  
pp. 6405-6437 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kloster ◽  
F. Dentener ◽  
J. Feichter ◽  
F. Raes ◽  
J. van Aardenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Radiative Forcing ◽  
Pollution Mitigation ◽  
Aerosol Forcing ◽  
Future Air Pollution ◽  
Aerosol Radiative

Abstract. We apply different aerosol and aerosol precursor emission scenarios reflecting possible future control strategies for air pollution in the ECHAM5-HAM model, and simulate the resulting effect on the Earth's radiation budget. We use two opposing future mitigation strategies for the year 2030: one in which emission reduction legislation decided in countries throughout the world are effectively implemented (current legislation; CLE 2030) and one in which all technical options for emission reductions are being implemented independent of their cost (maximum feasible reduction; MFR 2030). We consider the direct, semi-direct and indirect radiative effects of aerosols. The total anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing defined as the difference in the top-of-the-atmosphere radiation between 2000 and pre-industrial times amounts to −2.00 W/m2. In the future this negative global annual mean aerosol radiative forcing will only slightly change (+0.02 W/m2) under the "current legislation" scenario. Regionally, the effects are much larger: e.g. over Eastern Europe radiative forcing would increase by +1.50 W/m2 because of successful aerosol reduction policies, whereas over South Asia it would decrease by −1.10 W/m2 because of further growth of emissions. A "maximum feasible reduction" of aerosols and their precursors would lead to an increase of the global annual mean aerosol radiative forcing by +1.13 W/m2. Hence, in the latter case, the present day negative anthropogenic aerosol forcing could be more than halved by 2030 because of aerosol reduction policies and climate change thereafter will be to a larger extent be controlled by greenhouse gas emissions. We combined these two opposing future mitigation strategies for a number of experiments focusing on different sectors and regions. In addition, we performed sensitivity studies to estimate the importance of future changes in oxidant concentrations and the importance of the aerosol microphysical coupling within the range of expected future changes. For changes in oxidant concentrations caused by future air pollution mitigation, we do not find a significant effect for the global annual mean radiative aerosol forcing. In the extreme case of only abating SO2 or carbonaceous emissions to a maximum feasible extent, we find deviations from additivity for the radiative forcing over anthropogenic source regions up to 10% compared to an experiment abating both at the same time.

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