scholarly journals Childhood exposure to fine particulate matter and black carbon and the development of new wheeze between ages 5 and 7 in an urban prospective cohort

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Hwa Jung ◽  
Shao-I Hsu ◽  
Beizhan Yan ◽  
Kathleen Moors ◽  
Steven N. Chillrud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Fine Particulate

Extreme concentrations of fine particulate matter and black carbon during commute

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika S. Brand ◽  
Thiago Nogueira ◽  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
Maria de Fatima Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Commuter Exposure ◽  
Evening Peak

<p>Commuters are vulnerable to traffic air pollutants, especially to fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and black carbon (BC) because of their proximity to on-road vehicles. Both pollutants have been extensively associated to adverse health effects (i.e., stroke, diabetes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and cancer). Therefore, this work aims to investigate the extreme concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and BC occurrence in commuters in the megacity of São Paulo, Brazil. We carried out a field campaign measuring the commuter exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> and BC concentrations inside buses, cars and undergrounds in São Paulo during morning and evening peak-hours. We fitted an Extreme Value Distribution to the collected data to investigate the behavior of the extreme values in the different transport modes and periods of the day. The results suggest that higher concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and BC occur more frequently inside buses, followed by cars and undergrounds. Extreme concentrations for both pollutants are more likely to happen during morning peak-hours when compared to evening peak-hours. Our findings add further evidence that the transport mode and period of the day affect substantially the PM<sub>2.5</sub> and BC exposure in commuters. Furthermore, the results are quite useful for supporting urban policies that consider the improvement of the efficiency of air filtering systems inside public transport and private cars.</p>

Optical properties and source identification of black carbon and brown carbon: comparison of winter and summer haze episodes in Xi'an, Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2058-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Zhenxing Shen ◽  
Yali Lei ◽  
Tian Zhang ◽  
Yaling Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Source Identification ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Brown Carbon ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Insight Into

Summer and winter fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples were collected to provide insight into the seasonal variations of the optical properties and source profiles of PM2.5 black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) in Xi'an, China.

Potential exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon on jogging trails in Macau

2019 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Liu ◽  
Mandy Minle He ◽  
Cheng Wu ◽  
Jinjian Li ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Potential Exposure ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter, Lung Function and Cognitive Performance: A Prospective Dutch Cohort Study on the Underlying Routes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Aretz ◽  
Fanny Janssen ◽  
Judith M. Vonk ◽  
Michael T. Heneka ◽  
H. Marike Boezen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Fine Particulate

ABSTRACTBackgroundExposure to fine particulate matter and black carbon is related to cognitive impairment and poor lung function, but less is known about the routes taken by different types of air pollutants to affect cognition.ObjectivesWe tested two possible routes of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) in impairing cognition, and evaluated their importance: a direct route over the olfactory nerve or the blood stream, and an indirect route over the lung.MethodsWe used longitudinal observational data for 31232 people aged 18+ from 2006 to 2015 from the Dutch Lifelines cohort study. By linking current and past home addresses to air pollution exposure data from ELAPSE, long-term average exposure (≥ ten years) to PM2.5 and BC was calculated. Lung function was assessed by spirometry and Global Initiative (GLI) z-scores of forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were calculated. Cognitive performance was measured by cognitive processing time (CPT) assessed by the Cogstate Brief Battery. Linear structural equation modeling was performed to test the direct/indirect associations.ResultsHigher exposure to PM2.5 but not BC was directly related to higher CPT and thus slower cognitive processing speed [18.33 (×10−3) SD above the mean (95% CI: 6.84, 29.81)]. The direct association of PM2.5 constituted more than 97% of the total effect. Mediation by lung function was low for PM2.5 with a mediated proportion of 1.78% (FEV1) and 2.62% (FVC), but higher for BC (28.49% and 46.22% respectively).DiscussionOur results emphasize the importance of the lung acting as a mediator in the relationship between both exposure to PM2.5 and BC, and cognitive performance. However, higher exposure to PM2.5 was mainly directly associated with worse cognitive performance, which emphasizes the health-relevance of fine particles due to their ability to reach vital organs directly.

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