Epidemiological studies on noise and blood pressure in children: Observations and suggestions

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Paunović ◽  
Stephen Stansfeld ◽  
Charlotte Clark ◽  
Goran Belojević
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Epidemiological Studies

Weight reduction in the management of hypertension: Epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efrain Reisin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Weight

A number of studies have established a close association between increased body mass and elevated blood pressure. The presence of obesity in hypertensive subjects is associated with some hemodynamic, metabolic, and endocrinic characteristics: an increased intravascular volume with a high intracellular body water/interstitial fluid volume ratio, increased cardiac output, stroke volume, and left ventricular work while peripheral resistance was reduced or normal. Weight loss of at least 10 kg can reduce blood pressure independently of changes in sodium intake in obese persons of both sexes with mild, moderate, or severe high blood pressure. The fall in arterial pressure in obese hypertensives after weight loss may reverse many of the previously mentioned altered findings and underscore previous epidemiological studies that have shown that weight control could be an important measure in the treatment of hypertension.

Positive Association Between the Lys198 Asn Polymorphism in the Endothelin-1 and Blood Pressure in Obese Japanese Subjects: Ohasama Study

Hypertension ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 714-714
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Katsuya ◽  
Takayoshi Ohkubo ◽  
Yuxiao Fu ◽  
Ichiro Tsuji ◽  
Kenichi Nagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Baseline Characteristic ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Overweight People ◽  
Obese Subjects

P117 A recent report by Tiret et al. (Hypertension 33, 1999) revealed that a G/T polymorphism with an amino acid substitution (Lys to Asn) at codon 198 in the exon 5 of endothelin 1 gene (ET1) is associated with blood pressure in overweight people using two epidemiological studies, ECTIM and Glasgow Heart Scan Study. They suggested that G/T polymorphism strongly interacted with body mass index (BMI) in the determination of blood pressure levels. To examine the interaction among G/T polymorphism of ET1, BMI and blood pressure, we carried out an association study using a general population. Subjects (n=1,446) were recruited from Ohasama population, which is a cohort in a rural community of northern Japan. The research protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Tohoku University. DNA was extracted from the buffy coat of the participants using QIAamp DNA Blood Kit (Qiagen Inc.). G/T polymorphism of ET1 was determined by TaqMan PCR method, which is a powerful tool for semiautomatic genotype determination in a large number of samples. The frequency of T198 allele in Japanese (26%) was significantly higher than that in Caucasians (23%). The baseline characteristic (age, BMI, SBP, DBP, antihypertensive treatment) of all subjects was not significantly different according to the genotype of G/T polymorphism. In the obese subjects (≥25kg/m2), however, SBP and DBP were significantly associated with G/T polymorphism. Blood pressure level in the subjects carrying T198 allele was 2.6 mmHg in systolic (p<0.02) and 2.3 mmHg in diastolic (p<0.005) higher than that in those with GG genotype in overweight people. That the same result was obtained from different races suggested that the T198 allele of ET1 is involved in the determination of blood pressure levels in obese subjects.

scholarly journals Does Smoking Act as a Friend or Enemy of Blood Pressure? Let Release Pandora's Box

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelio Leone
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cardiovascular Damage ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Experimental Findings

In spite of the great number of observations which show the certainty of cardiovascular damage from smoking, the opinions on that are not yet unanimous. There is a discrepancy that could be attributed to the lack of reproducible data particularly in some epidemiological studies. On the contrary, experimental findings conducted on both animals and humans give evidence of exactly reproducible results of cardiovascular alterations and among these the course of Blood Pressure (BP). Findings identify an increase in BP of active smokers or non-smokers exposed to passive smoking, while a lot of others refer a lowering of BP due to smoking. This discrepancy could be explained as follows. Initially, a vasoconstriction mediated by nicotine causes acute but transient increase in systolic BP. This phase is followed by a decrease in BP as a consequence of depressant effects played chronically by nicotine itself. Simultaneously, carbon monoxide is acting directly on the arterial wall causing, in the long run, structurally irreversible alterations. At this time, there is a change in BP that increases again, and often constantly, its levels following chronic exposure. Changes in response to antihypertensive drugs have been observed in hypertensive smokers since smoking influences metabolic steps of the drugs.

Blood pressure measurement in epidemiological studies

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Kroke ◽  
Wolfgang Fleischhauer ◽  
Stephan Mieke ◽  
Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch ◽  
Stephan N. Willich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Epidemiological Studies

scholarly journals Low blood pressure and risk of depression in the elderly

2000 ◽  
Vol 176 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Paterniti ◽  
Marie-Hélène Verdier-Taillefer ◽  
Catherine Geneste ◽  
Jean-Claude Bisserbe ◽  
Annick Alpérovitch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Low Blood Pressure ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe relationship between depression and low blood pressure is unclear.AimsTo examine the temporal relation between low blood pressure and depression in a two-year follow-up.MethodThe study group consisted of 1389 subjects aged 59–71 years; 1272 (92%) were examined after two years. Subjects completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression (CES–D) and the Spielberger inventory scales to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms respectively. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, smoking and drinking habits, medical history, drug use and blood pressure measures.ResultsAmong 1112 subjects who were considered as non-depressed at baseline, logistic regression models showed that low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and decrease of blood pressure were predictors of high depressive symptomatology at follow-up. Baseline high CES–D scores did not predict low blood pressure two years after.ConclusionsIn our study, low blood pressure was a risk factor for, but not a consequence of, high depressive symptomatology.

scholarly journals Клінічні та фенотипічні патерни у школярів із надлишковою масою тіла та ожирінням

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Б Фурдела
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Prepubertal Boys ◽  
Pubertal Boys

КЛІНІЧНІ ТА ФЕНОТИПІЧНІ ПАТЕРНИ У ШКОЛЯРІВ ІЗ НАДЛИШКОВОЮ МАСОЮ ТІЛА ТА ОЖИРІННЯМ - У статті наведено результати епідеміологічного дослідження 540 школярів двох середньоосвітніх шкіл м. Тернополя віком 9-17 років із метою встановлення частоти надлишкової маси тіла, ожиріння та метаболічного синдрому і простеження клінічних та фено- типічних особливостей цих патологічних станів серед дитячого населення. Отримані результати показали, що частота надлишкової маси тіла серед школярів Тернополя становить<br />11.1 %, а ожиріння - у 4,8 % (11,8 - в дівчат і 14,8 % - у хлопців), хлопці тричі частіше хворіють на ожиріння і в 1,4 раза з надлишковою масою тіла, ніж дівчата, а частота дефіциту маси тіла не залежить від статі. У пубертаті хлопці втричі частіше хворіють на ожирінням: 7,3 % хлопці та 2,3 % дівчата (F=0,523, р&lt;0,05) і більш схильні до надлишкової маси (11,1 та 6,4 % відповідно). Абдомінальне ожиріння загалом серед дітей і підлітків зафіксовано у 4 % хлопців та вдвічі рідше (1,9 %) у дівчат. Поширеність абдомінального ожиріння (як маркера метаболічного синдрому) серед школярів з надлишковою масою становить 19,3 % серед обстежениххлопчиків і 18,5 % серед дівчат. Між показниками АТ та ІМТ існує пряма залежність, більш виражена у хлопців, ніж у дівчат. Кожен другий хлопець з ожирінням має лабільну АГ, а серед дівчаток з ожирінням у 50 % фіксується нормальний АТ, і лише кожна шоста має передгіпертензію.<br />КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ФЕНОТИПИЧЕСКИЕ ПАТТЕРНЫ У ПОДРОСТКОВ С ИЗБЫТОЧНЫМ ВЕСОМ ТЕЛА И ОЖИРЕНИЕМ - В статье приведены результаты эпидемиологического исследования 540 школьников двух среднеобразовательных школ г. Тернополя возрастом 9-17 лет с целью установления частоты избыточного веса тела, ожирения и метаболического синдрома и прослеживания клинических и фенотипических особенностей этих патологических состояний среди детского населения. Полученные результаты показали, что частота избыточного веса тела среди школьников г. Тернополя составляет 11,1 %, а ожирение - в 4,8 % (11,8 - у девочек и 14,8 % - у мальчиков), мальчики трижды чаще болеют ожирением и в 1,4 раза чаще избыточным весом тела, чем девочки, а частота дефицита веса тела не зависит от пола. В пубертате ребята втрое чаще болеют ожирением: 7,3 % юноши и 2,3 % девушки (F=0,523, р&lt;0,05) и более склонны к избыточному весу (11,1 % и 6,4 % соответственно). Абдоминальное ожирение в целом среди детей и подростков зафиксировано в 4 % ребят и вдвое реже (1,9 %) у девушек. Распространенность абдоминального ожирения (как маркера метаболического синдрома) среди школьников с избыточным весом составляет 19,3 % среди обследованных мальчиков и 18,5 % среди девушек. Между показателями АД и ИМТ существует прямая зависимость более выражена у ребят, чем у девушек. Каждый второй парень с ожирением имеет лабильную АГ, а среди девушек с ожирением в 50 % фиксируется нормальное АД, и лишь каждая шестая имеет передгипер- тензию.<br />CLINICALAND PHENOTYPIC PATTERNS IN SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY - In the article has presented the results ot epidemiological studies ot the trequency ot overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome among 540 schoolchildren in Ternopil city 9-17 years old. The aim is to determine the incidence ot overweight, obesity, metabolic syndrome and hypertension among Ternopil schoolchildren and to trace clinical and phenotypic teatures otthese pathological conditions among children. The results showed that the incidence ot overweight among schoolchildren is<br />11.1 % and obesity - 4.8 % (11.8 % girls and 14.8 % boys). In<br />prepubertal boys three times more often obesity develops and 1.4 times more often overweight develops than in girls, and frequency of underweight is independent of gender. In pubertal boys three times more often obesity develops: 7.3 % of boys and 2.3 % of girls (F = 0.523, p&lt;0.05) and more often overweight (11.1 and 6.4 % respectively). Abdominal obesity in general among children and adolescents recorded in 4 % of boys and half less (1.9 %) in girls. The prevalence of abdominal obesity (as a marker of metabolic syndrome) among overweight school children is 19.3 % of the examined boys and 18.5 % of girls. Between BMI and blood pressure values a direct relationship is more pronounced in boys than in girls. Every second obese guy has labile hypertension and among obese girls in the 50 % recorded normal blood pressure, and only each sixth girl has high normal blood pressure.<br />Ключові слова: поширеність ожиріння, надлишкова маса, метаболічний синдром, школярі.<br />Ключевые слова: распространенность ожирения, избыточный вес, метаболический синдром, школьники.<br />Key words: prevalence of obesity, overweight, metabolic syndrome, schoolchildren.

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