Using a classical weight-of-evidence approach for 4-years' monitoring of the impact of an accidental oil spill on sediment quality

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Morales-Caselles ◽  
Inmaculada Riba ◽  
Carmen Sarasquete ◽  
T. Ángel DelValls
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Quantifying the consequence of applying conservative assumptions in the assessment of oil spill effects on polar cod (Boreogadus saida) populations

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-586
Author(s):  
Pepijn De Vries ◽  
Jacqueline Tamis ◽  
Jasmine Nahrgang ◽  
Marianne Frantzen ◽  
Robbert Jak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Cod ◽  
Boreogadus Saida ◽  
Precautionary Approach ◽  
Recovery Duration ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn order to assess the potential impact from oil spills and decide the optimal response actions, prediction of population level effects of key resources is crucial. These assessments are usually based on acute toxicity data combined with precautionary assumptions because chronic data are often lacking. To better understand the consequences of applying precautionary approaches, two approaches for assessing population level effects on the Arctic keystone species polar cod (Boreogadus saida) were compared: a precautionary approach, where all exposed individuals die when exposed above a defined threshold concentration, and a refined (full-dose-response) approach. A matrix model was used to assess the population recovery duration of scenarios with various but constant exposure concentrations, durations and temperatures. The difference between the two approaches was largest for exposures with relatively low concentrations and short durations. Here, the recovery duration for the refined approach was less than eight times that found for the precautionary approach. Quantifying these differences helps to understand the consequences of precautionary assumptions applied to environmental risk assessment used in oil spill response decision making and it can feed into the discussion about the need for more chronic toxicity testing. An elasticity analysis of our model identified embryo and larval survival as crucial processes in the life cycle of polar cod and the impact assessment of oil spills on its population.

scholarly journals Environmental impact of the Midia Port - Black Sea (Romania), on the coastal sediment quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Catianis ◽  
Constantin Ungureanu ◽  
Luca Magagnini ◽  
Elisa Ulazzi ◽  
Tiziana Campisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of potential pollution sources, mainly from the upstream anthropogenic sources and port-related activities. The in-vestigated area covered a wide range of anthropogenic im-pacts (e.g., industrial wastes, storm water runoff, acciden-tal oil spills, intentional discharges and shipping activities). The quality of water and Sediments was assessed us-ing Standard methods, as physical-chemical parameters, chemistry and biology (microbiology, ecotoxicology) aim-ing to figure the level of pollution and the effect of port-related activities. Seawater quality results agreed generally with environmental Standards. Though, in some samples the concentrations of sulphates (mg/1) and heavy metals (μg/1), as B, As and Se exceeded the recommended lim-its, without posing a serious environmental concern. Most of the surface sediment samples contain critical levels of hydrocarbons (C>12), (mg/kg), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ng/g) and polychlorobiphenyls (ng/g). For some heavy metals (mg/kg), exchangeable concentrations were found to be very close or above the regulations. The signifi-cance of this study is incontestable taking into account the lack of previous relevant historical data of this area. In this sense, it was possible to indicate, in general, good environmental conditions, despite the industrial and concentrated local port-related activities in the investigated area.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE SEA EMPRESS OIL SPILL ON BIRDS OF THE PEMBROKESHIRE COAST AND ISLANDS

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-225
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Parr ◽  
Robert J. Haycock ◽  
Malcolm E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Seabird Colony ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Much of the Pembrokeshire coast and islands, together with its inshore waters, are of international importance for their breeding seabirds and wintering seaduck. Although the Sea Empress oil spill occurred before the breeding season, some 7000 oiled birds were recovered dead or alive. The impact of the oil spill on birds can be classified as follows: immediate mortality especially of more than 4500 wintering common scoter in Carmarthen Bay; sublethal effects on productivity of colonies and reduced adult survival from oil or dispersant ingestion; and chronic effects on bird populations from long-term pollution, particularly of prey. A range of monitoring and research projects are under way to investigate the impact, but it is premature to provide many results. The oil spill probably caused significant local declines in seabird colony sizes, especially of guillemot. The impact on common scoter will prove difficult to determine because of the poor quality and high variability of preincident data. Large numbers of oiled birds, particularly common scoter, were treated and subsequently released. The successful rehabilitation of such released birds is controversial; research and review results will be reported.

scholarly journals Assessment of TPHs and PAHs in the Marine Sediment Relating to Oil and Gas Extraction activity on the western coastline of Qatar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Abdulali Abdulla
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are priority pollutants which are known to be associated with petroleum products. They are released into the marine environment via accidental spillage, exploration and transportation. The present study aims to assess the impact of petroleum and gas extraction activities on the pollution of coastal marine sediment of the western coastline of Qatar. Sixty-six surface sediment samples were collected along the western coastal area. The concentration of organic hydrocarbons (TPHs and PAHs) were determined using GC-FID and GC-MS, respectively. Sediment characteristics including pH, temperature, TOC and particle size were also measured. The results indicated low concentrations of TPH (<0.001-0.246 μg/g dry weight sediment) and PAHs (<0.001-0.044 μg/g dry weight sediment). The concentrations for both organic pollutants were lower compared to the previous studies done within Qatar and in the Arabian Gulf and also indicated below the available permissible limit set by the Ministry of Municipality and Environment of Qatar and other sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) used worldwide (NOAA).

ANALISA PENCEMARAN LAUT OLEH PTT EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION (PTTEP) AUSTRALASIA TERHADAP LAUT TIMOR INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Paulin Yosephin Marini ◽  
Sherlly Monica Bonsapia ◽  
Johni R.V. Korwa
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>This study aims to analyze a blowout from an oil and gas leak owned by PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) Australasia in the Montara oil field in the Indonesian Timor Sea, and how to resolve disputes between Australia and Indonesia. A qualitative approach was used in this study, whilst the data collection technique was through library research. The theory of state responsibility, the concept of human security, and the concept of international maritime law are used to analyze disputes between Indonesia and Australia. The study found that the Montara oil spill had not only damaged the marine ecosystem but also polluted Indonesian waters. It also found that although the Australian government had formed a special commission to resolve cases and even used dispersant, it had not satisfied all parties. Several points are summarized. First, the Montara oil spill in Australia is a transnational study because the impact has crossed national borders. Secondly, UNCLOS has a weakness in the settlement of the Montara case because the Convention only provides a description related to ‘Responsibility of Each Country’ and does not specifically arrange material compensation mechanisms to countries that cause sea pollution. Third, the Montara oil spill has caused huge losses for Indonesian seaweed farmers, especially 13 districts in NTT. The recommendations are that the Indonesian government along with the Montara Victim Peoples’ Advocacy Team should continue to follow up the case of oil spills from the Montara platform and continue to fight for compensation to the Australian government and the PTTEP as the responsible party.</em></p>

scholarly journals Environmental Management System for the Analysis of Oil Spill Risk Using Probabilistic Simulations. Application at Tarragona Monobuoy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Mariano Morell Villalonga ◽  
Manuel Espino Infantes ◽  
Manel Grifoll Colls ◽  
Marc Mestres Ridge
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Probability Maps ◽  
Port Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pollution Events

Oil spill accidents during port operations are one of the main hydrocarbon pollution threats for coastal waters. Appropriate environmental risk assessment and pollution events management tools are needed to achieve sustainability and environmental protection in port activity. Recent developments in monitoring techniques and accurate meteo-oceanographic prediction systems have been implemented in many ports, providing tools for environmental management. A novel method based on meteo-oceanographic operational services, in conjunction with Monte Carlo experiments using an oil spill model, is implemented to perform probabilistic maps of potential pollution events. Tarragona port area was chosen as the study case for three reasons: it accommodates a hub of petrochemical industry, the availability of high-resolution wind and water current data, and previous studies at the area offer the possibility to check the results’ accuracy. The interpretation of the impact probability maps reveals a specific pattern explained by the mean hydrodynamic conditions and the energetic north-westerly wind conditions. The impact probability maps may enhance efficiency in the environmental management of port waters and nearby coastal areas, reducing the negative impact of pollutant discharges.

scholarly journals Predicting the impact of future oil-spill closures on fishery-dependent communities—a spatially explicit approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igal Berenshtein ◽  
Shay O’Farrell ◽  
Natalie Perlin ◽  
James N Sanchirico ◽  
Steven A Murawski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Oil Transport ◽  
Fishing Fleets ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Major oil spills immensely impact the environment and society. Coastal fishery-dependent communities are especially at risk as their fishing grounds are susceptible to closure because of seafood contamination threat. During the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster for example, vast areas of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) were closed for fishing, resulting in coastal states losing up to a half of their fishery revenues. To predict the effect of future oil spills on fishery-dependent communities in the GoM, we develop a novel framework that combines a state-of-the-art three-dimensional oil-transport model with high-resolution spatial and temporal data for two fishing fleets—bottom longline and bandit-reel—along with data on the social vulnerability of coastal communities. We demonstrate our approach by simulating spills in the eastern and western GoM, calibrated to characteristics of the DWH spill. We find that the impacts of the eastern and western spills are strongest in the Florida and Texas Gulf coast counties respectively both for the bandit-reel and the bottom longline fleets. We conclude that this multimodal spatially explicit quantitative framework is a valuable management tool for predicting the consequences of oil spills at locations throughout the Gulf, facilitating preparedness and efficient resource allocation for future oil-spill events.

scholarly journals The Impact of System Noise in Polarimetric SAR Imagery on Oil Spill Observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 4194-4214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine M. Espeseth ◽  
Camilla Brekke ◽  
Cathleen E. Jones ◽  
Benjamin Holt ◽  
Anthony Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Polarimetric Sar ◽  
System Noise ◽  
Sar Imagery ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals What is the impact of clinically assisted hydration in the last days of life? A systematic literature review and narrative synthesis

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002600
Author(s):  
Arjun Kingdon ◽  
Anna Spathis ◽  
Robert Brodrick ◽  
Gemma Clarke ◽  
Isla Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Evidence Framework ◽  
Clinically Assisted Hydration ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundClinically assisted hydration (CAH) can be provided in the last days of life as drinking declines. The impact of this practice on quality of life or survival in the last days of life is unclear. Practice varies worldwide concerning this emotive issue.MethodSystematic literature review and narrative synthesis of studies evaluating the impact of, or attitudes toward, CAH in the last days of life. Databases were searched up to December 2019. Studies were included if the majority of participants were in the last 7 days of life, and were evaluated using Gough’s 'Weight of Evidence' framework. Review protocol registered with PROSPERO, registration number CRD42019125837.ResultsFifteen studies were included in the synthesis. None were judged to be both of high quality and relevance. No evidence was found that the provision of CAH has an impact on symptoms or survival. Patient and family carer attitudes toward assisted hydration were diverse.ConclusionThere is currently insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions on the impact of CAH in the last days of life. Future research needs to focus on patients specifically in the last days of life, include those with non-malignant diagnoses, and evaluate best ways to communicate effectively about this complex topic with patients and their families.

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