scholarly journals The living marine resources in the Mediterranean Sea Large Marine Ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 100555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Piroddi ◽  
Francesco Colloca ◽  
Athanassios C. Tsikliras
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Large Marine Ecosystem ◽  
The Mediterranean

Trends in productivity and biomass yields in the Mediterranean Sea Large Marine Ecosystem during climate change

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos I. Stergiou ◽  
Stylianos Somarakis ◽  
George Triantafyllou ◽  
Kostas P. Tsiaras ◽  
Marianna Giannoulaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Large Marine Ecosystem ◽  
The Mediterranean

Oil Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Many Sources

<p><span>Oil pollution can enter the marine environment from many sources including land, shipping, and oil installations. It can have significant impacts on the marine environment that, depending on the type of oil, can last for prolonged periods of time. Monitoring oil pollution in the Mediterranean Sea region has been conducted using both aerial and satellite surveillance. This presentation will provide an overview of the sources and volumes of oil entering the Mediterranean, identify impacts on the marine ecosystem in general terms, and will review surveillance activities in the region, including cooperative activities undertaken by regional and EU agencies, for example. </span></p> <p> </p>

The Mediterranean: marine protected areas and the recovery of a large marine ecosystem

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAQUEL GOÑI ◽  
NICHOLAS V.C. POLUNIN ◽  
SERGE PLANES
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Large Marine Ecosystem ◽  
The Mediterranean

In the Mediterranean, fishing is an ancient tradition and signs of its presence can be found everywhere along its coasts. In early times, most fishing was carried out from land with small nets and traps and only a portion of the fishing operations was carried out from boats away from the coast. Over time, growth of human populations along the Mediterranean coasts led to the expansion of sea fishing and gradual depletion of many near-shore stocks. Until recently, fishing in the Mediterranean retained its artisanal character. The type of small vessels, the fishing gears and labour-intensive character of the operations had changed little from generation to generation. However, some fishing practices benefited greatly from the advent of new technologies, such as those that replaced sails by powered engines, or the incorporation of fish-finding devices and efficient gear-handling techniques. These developments added to a growing market demand from the booming Mediterranean population, and led to overfishing of the most vulnerable target populations.

scholarly journals Distributions of the carbonate system properties, anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub>, and acidification during the 2008 BOUM cruise (Mediterranean Sea)

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2709-2753 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Touratier ◽  
V. Guglielmi ◽  
C. Goyet ◽  
L. Prieur ◽  
M. Pujo-Pay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Carbonate System ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
System Properties

Abstract. We relate here the distributions of two carbonate system key properties (total alkalinity, AT; and total dissolved inorganic carbon, CT) measured along a section in the Mediterranean Sea, going from Marseille (France) to the south of the Cyprus Island, during the 2008 BOUM cruise. The three main objectives of the present study are (1) to draw and comment on the distributions of AT and CT in the light of others properties like salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen, (2) to estimate the distribution of the anthropogenic CO2 (CANT) in the intermediate and the deep waters, and (3) to calculate the resulting variation of pH (acidification) since the beginning of the industrial era. Since the calculation of CANT is always an intense subject of debate, we apply two radically different approaches to estimate CANT: the very simple method TrOCA and the MIX approach, the latter being more precise but also more difficult to apply. A clear picture for the AT and the CT distributions is obtained: the mean concentration of AT is higher in the oriental basin while that of CT is higher in the occidental basin of the Mediterranean Sea, fully coherent with the previous published works. Despite of the two very different approaches we use here (TrOCA and MIX), the estimated distributions of CANT are very similar. These distributions show that the minimum of CANT encountered during the BOUM cruise is higher than 46.3 μmol kg−1 (TrOCA) or 48.8 μmol kg−1(MIX). All Mediterranean water masses (even the deepest) appear to be highly contaminated by CANT, as a result of the very intense advective processes that characterize the recent history of the Mediterranean circulation. As a consequence, unprecedented levels of acidification are reached with an estimated decrease of pH since the pre-industrial era of −0.148 to −0.061 pH unit, which places the Mediterranean Sea as one of the most acidified world marine ecosystem.

scholarly journals Effects of Currently Used Antifouling Booster Biocides on Green Fluorescent Proteins in Anemonia Viridis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batuhan Ünver ◽  
Gulsen Akin Evingur ◽  
Levent Cavaş
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Antifouling Paint ◽  
Green Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Anemonia Viridis

Abstract Some of the antifouling booster biocides affects the marine ecosystem negatively. The booster biocides which are resistant to degradation are accumulated in the sediment of the oceans. One of the sedentary organisms in the Mediterranean Sea is Anemonia viridis. The aim of this study is to show the toxicities of common biocides such as irgarol, seanine-211, zinc omadine, and acticide on the fluorescence by GFPs of A.viridis. The decreases in the fluorescence intensities of the GFP were measured within different booster biocide concentrations. The results show that fluorescent intensities of GFP proteins decreased more than 50 percent when they are exposed to different concentrations of irgarol, zinc omadine, acticide. In conclusion, ecosystem health should be prioritized when new antifouling paint compositions are proposed. From the results, it seems that A.viridis can be considered as a vulnerable organism and also it is sensitive to booster biocides within self-polishing antifouling paint formulations.

Basin scale dissolved oxygen interannual variability of the Mediterranean Sea: Analysis of long-term observations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apostolia-Maria Mavropoulou ◽  
Vassilios Vervatis ◽  
Sarantis Sofianos
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Mediterranean

&lt;p&gt;The Mediterranean Sea is characterized by a combination of long-term trends and climatic shifts known in the literature as &amp;#8220;transients&amp;#8221;, that impact the biogeochemical processes. &amp;#160;We focus on the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, as it is an essential oceanic parameter for the marine ecosystem functioning. Dissolved oxygen distribution in the ocean interior is controlled by air-sea interaction processes, ocean circulation patterns, and biological effects. Understanding the related mechanisms and the variability of the above processes requires systematic oceanographic measurements over long periods and at high spatial resolution. Taking advantage of the Mediterranean monitoring systems, we can examine the sensitive physical and biogeochemical processes in the Mediterranean ecosystem. In this study, we investigate and combine all available data of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen over the period 1960-2011 (taking into consideration the scarcity of the available DO observations during the last years). In order to receive a direct and accurate evaluation of the interannual changes in the Mediterranean Sea, we constructed a gridded dataset interpolated into 1/8&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#959;&lt;/sup&gt; x 1/8&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#959;&lt;/sup&gt; grid using Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis (DIVA). At the surface layer, the solubility-driven changes determine the dissolved oxygen concentration. In deeper layers, the interannual variability is more related to dynamical processes that may involve dense-water convection, biological consumption or mixing, rather than temperature trends. The observed changes in minimum/maximum oxygen zones are mostly related to abrupt shifts. The attribution of the observed variability involves complex physical and biogeochemical processes as well as anthropogenic activities and requires further analysis using modeling techniques and available operational tools.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Identification of Ecological Hotspots for the Seagrass Posidonia oceanica via Metapopulation Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Mari ◽  
Paco Melià ◽  
Marino Gatto ◽  
Renato Casagrandi
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
The Mediterranean

The seagrass Posidonia oceanica is a benthic foundation species endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. It is a key component of coastal seascapes across the Mediterranean large marine ecosystem, where it plays fundamental ecological, physical, and economic roles. Despite the importance of this iconic seagrass species, a quantitative assessment of the interplay between local dynamics and basin-wide dispersal patterns is still lacking. Here we propose a Mediterranean-scale metapopulation model for P. oceanica, accounting for both demographic processes (inter-annual survival, vegetative growth, fruit production, seed establishment) and the spatial connectivity provided by current-driven dispersal of seagrass fruits. Model simulations are used to identify hotspots of seagrass population abundance, realized connectivity, and long-distance dispersal. Our results indicate that P. oceanica multi-functional hotspots, defined as species-suitable areas that rank high in all of the considered functional roles, are unevenly distributed in the four main sub-basins of the Mediterranean Sea, and along both the European and the African coastline. Our analysis also allows us to outline a remarkable geographical gap in protection: in fact, while many of the hotspots located along European coasts occur close to protected sites, the great majority of the hotspots lying on African coasts lack any form of protection. The identification of hotspots of P. oceanica metapopulation dynamics can thus help select regions that may serve as priority candidates for focusing conservation efforts.

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