Reinforced concrete structural elements cast into wood-chip cement formworks subjected to compression and out-of-plane bending

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 112990
Author(s):  
Roberto Scotta ◽  
Davide Trutalli
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Bending

scholarly journals Interventions to Structural System of Masonry Buildings and their Effects to their Seismic Response

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
Fillitsa V. Karantoni ◽  
Dimitris N. Sarantitis
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Response ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Bending

Background: Preservation of listed buildings, depending on the importance of each one, requires the conservation of the whole structure or of only the external walls, often called shell of the building, or even only of the façade. In the latter cases, although the new structure is studied to undergo the applied loads according to the codes in force, less research is made to study the response of the remaining structure under seismic loads. Objective: The response of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures with alterations of the original load bearing system to strong ground motions is studied in the present paper. Commonly used radical interventions comprise the addition of a steel or reinforced concrete frame in the interior of the structure after removal of interior load bearing or/and dividing walls. The embedded substructure is designed to support the functional loads of the building and commensurate seismic design forces associated with its mass. In this setting, perimeter walls are relieved of any bearing action apart from resisting the state of stress associated with their self-weight. An important design decision is the extent of contact and interaction that is allowed to occur between the perimeter URM walls and the interior structural system; both options present advantages and disadvantages. Methods: The effect that this design option has on the seismic response of the composite system is studied in this paper using linear elastic finite element analysis. The effect of each intervention is estimated by comparing the principal tensile stresses (pts) developed on the walls before and after each intervention as well as the percentage of the wall areas in elevation where the pts are higher than tensile strength of masonry. Results: It is found that connection of the frame to the masonry walls at several points around the floor and roof perimeters creates a diaphragm action that effectively reduces the out-of-plane bending of the self-standing perimeter URM walls without excessive local stress intensities and increases the shear strength of the building. Lack of contact between the old and new load bearing elements leads to higher intensity stresses due to bending and only the addition of a reinforced concrete tie belt at the top of the walls may mitigate serious damage. Conclusions: The cooperation of the Moment Resisting Frames, irrespective of the material of the frame (reinforced concrete or structural steel) and the walls by connecting the perimeter structural walls with it at floor and roof levels, is more efficient to the stress state of the walls transforming the critical out-of-plane bending of later to shear one, preventing them from out-of-plane collapse.

Comparison of Failure Modes of Piping Systems With Wall Thinning Subjected to In-Plane, Out-of-Plane, and Mixed Mode Bending Under Seismic Load: An Experimental Approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izumi Nakamura ◽  
Akihito Otani ◽  
Masaki Shiratori
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Wall Thinning ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Bending

Pressurized piping systems used for an extended period may develop degradations such as wall thinning or cracks due to aging. It is important to estimate the effects of degradation on the dynamic behavior and to ascertain the failure modes and remaining strength of the piping systems with degradation through experiments and analyses to ensure the seismic safety of degraded piping systems under destructive seismic events. In order to investigate the influence of degradation on the dynamic behavior and failure modes of piping systems with local wall thinning, shake table tests using 3D piping system models were conducted. About 50% full circumferential wall thinning at elbows was considered in the test. Three types of models were used in the shake table tests. The difference of the models was the applied bending direction to the thinned-wall elbow. The bending direction considered in the tests was either of the in-plane bending, out-of-plane bending, or mixed bending of the in-plane and out-of-plane. These models were excited under the same input acceleration until failure occurred. Through these tests, the vibration characteristic and failure modes of the piping models with wall thinning under seismic load were obtained. The test results showed that the out-of-plane bending is not significant for a sound elbow, but should be considered for a thinned-wall elbow, because the life of the piping models with wall thinning subjected to out-of-plane bending may reduce significantly.

Stresses in Curved, Circular Thin-Wall Tubes

1963 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
E. A. Utecht
Keyword(s):  
Thin Wall ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Circular Tubes ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Plane Bending

Curves are presented which give stress intensification factors for curved, thin-walled circular tubes under various combinations of in-plane and out-of-plane bending moments.

scholarly journals Multifunctional Cement Composites Strain and Damage Sensors Applied on Reinforced Concrete (RC) Structural Elements

Materials ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Baeza ◽  
Oscar Galao ◽  
Emilio Zornoza ◽  
Pedro Garcés
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Structural Elements

Out-of-Plane Bending (Opb) Test of Large Diameter Mooring Chains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
m.r. Karimi ◽  
J. Braun ◽  
E. Gooijer ◽  
P. Barros ◽  
E. Carlberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Bending
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