Investigation on the connection forces of shear keys in skewed bridges during earthquakes

Structural Performance of Bridges in the Offshore Maule Earthquake of 27 February 2010

Earthquake Spectra ◽

10.1193/1.4000031 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (1_suppl1) ◽

pp. 533-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Ian Buckle ◽

Matias Hube ◽

Genda Chen ◽

Wen-Huei Yen ◽

Juan Arias

Keyword(s):

Failure Modes ◽

Highway Bridges ◽

Ground Movement ◽

Structural Performance ◽

Plane Rotation ◽

Skewed Bridges ◽

Historic Masonry ◽

Shear Keys ◽

Maule Earthquake ◽

Low Incidence

Of the nearly 12,000 highway bridges in Chile, approximately 300 were damaged in this earthquake, including 20 with collapsed spans. Typical failure modes include damage to connections between super- and substructures, unseating of spans in skewed bridges due to in-plane rotation, and unseated spans with some column damage due to permanent ground movement. Unusual failure modes include unseating of spans in straight bridges due to in-plane rotation, plate girder rupture due to longitudinal forces, scour and pier damage due to tsunami action, and collapse of a historic masonry bridge. The most common damage mode was the failure of super-to-substructure connections (shear keys, steel stoppers, and seismic bars), which is the most likely reason for the low incidence of column damage. Whereas the fuse-like behavior of these components is believed to have protected the columns, the lack of adequate seat widths led to the collapse, or imminent collapse, of many superstructures.

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Shear strength of pre-cast prestressed composite beams with discontinuous connections made of cast-in-place shear keys

Materials and Structures ◽

10.1617/14274 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

F.M.S. Judice

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

Composite Beams ◽

Shear Keys

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Evolution of seismic design codes of highway bridges in Chile

Earthquake Spectra ◽

10.1177/8755293020988011 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 875529302098801

Author(s):

José Wilches ◽

Hernán Santa Maria ◽

Roberto Leon ◽

Rafael Riddell ◽

Matías Hube ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seismic Design ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Highway Bridges ◽

Design Codes ◽

Seismic Codes ◽

Analysis And Design ◽

Residual Displacements ◽

Shear Keys ◽

Maule Earthquake ◽

2010 Maule Earthquake

Chile, as a country with a long history of strong seismicity, has a record of both a constant upgrading of its seismic design codes and structural systems, particularly for bridges, as a result of major earthquakes. Recent earthquakes in Chile have produced extensive damage to highway bridges, such as deck collapses, large transverse residual displacements, yielding and failure of shear keys, and unseating of the main girders, demonstrating that bridges are highly vulnerable structures. Much of this damage can be attributed to construction problems and poor detailing guidelines in design codes. After the 2010 Maule earthquake, new structural design criteria were incorporated for the seismic design of bridges in Chile. The most significant change was that a site coefficient was included for the estimation of the seismic design forces in the shear keys, seismic bars, and diaphragms. This article first traces the historical development of earthquakes and construction systems in Chile to provide a context for the evolution of Chilean seismic codes. It then describes the seismic performance of highway bridges during the 2010 Maule earthquake, including the description of the main failure modes observed in bridges. Finally, this article provides a comparison of the Chilean bridge seismic code against the Japanese and United States codes, considering that these codes have a great influence on the seismic codes for Chilean bridges. The article demonstrates that bridge design and construction practices in Chile have evolved substantially in their requirements for the analysis and design of structural elements, such as in the definition of the seismic hazard to be considered, tending toward more conservative approaches in an effort to improve structural performance and reliability for Chilean bridges.

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