scholarly journals Strength and stiffness of cross-laminated timber (CLT) shear walls: State-of-the-art of analytical approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildiko Lukacs ◽  
Anders Björnfot ◽  
Roberto Tomasi
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Analytical Approaches

scholarly journals In-Plane Strength and Stiffness of Cross-Laminated Timber Shear Walls

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Shahnewaz ◽  
Shahria Alam ◽  
Thomas Tannert
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Peak Displacement ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Type Construction ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Single Shear

The research presented herein investigated the in-plane performance of cross-laminated timber (CLT) shear walls for platform-type buildings under lateral loading. Finite element models of CLT connections (i.e., brackets, hold-downs and self-tapping screws) were developed in OpenSees and calibrated against experimental tests to represent the connections’ hysteresis behaviour under cyclic tension and shear loading. The results were incorporated into models of CLT single and coupled shear walls. The results in terms of peak displacement, peak load and energy dissipation were in good agreement when compared to full-scale shear wall tests. Subsequently, a parametric study of 56 single and 40 coupled CLT shear walls was conducted with varying numbers and types of connectors (wall-to-floor and wall-to-wall) for evaluating their seismic performance. It was found that the strength, stiffness and energy dissipation of the single and coupled CLT shear walls increased with an increase in the number of connectors. Single shear walls with hold-downs and brackets performed better under seismic loading compared to walls with brackets only. Similarly, coupled shear walls with four hold-downs performed better compared to walls with two hold-downs. Finally, ductility of coupled shear walls was found to be 31% higher compared to that of single shear walls. The findings from this research are useful for engineers to efficiently design CLT shear walls in platform-type construction.

scholarly journals Characterization and Quantification of Selenoprotein P: Challenges to Mass Spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6283
Author(s):  
Jérémy Lamarche ◽  
Luisa Ronga ◽  
Joanna Szpunar ◽  
Ryszard Lobinski
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Selenoprotein P ◽  
Primary Standards ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Careful Investigation ◽  
Accurate Quantification

Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is an emerging marker of the nutritional status of selenium and of various diseases, however, its chemical characteristics still need to be investigated and methods for its accurate quantitation improved. SELENOP is unique among selenoproteins, as it contains multiple genetically encoded SeCys residues, whereas all the other characterized selenoproteins contain just one. SELENOP occurs in the form of multiple isoforms, truncated species and post-translationally modified variants which are relatively poorly characterized. The accurate quantification of SELENOP is contingent on the availability of specific primary standards and reference methods. Before recombinant SELENOP becomes available to be used as a primary standard, careful investigation of the characteristics of the SELENOP measured by electrospray MS and strict control of the recoveries at the various steps of the analytical procedures are strongly recommended. This review critically discusses the state-of-the-art of analytical approaches to the characterization and quantification of SELENOP. While immunoassays remain the standard for the determination of human and animal health status, because of their speed and simplicity, mass spectrometry techniques offer many attractive and complementary features that are highlighted and critically evaluated.

Effect of Hold-Down Misplacement on Strength and Stiffness of Wood Shear Walls

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daňa J. Lebeda ◽  
Rakesh Gupta ◽  
David V. Rosowsky ◽  
J. Daniel Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Shear Walls ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Study on the shear wall structure with combined form of replaceable devices

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1327-1348
Author(s):  
Cong Chen ◽  
Renjie Xiao ◽  
Xilin Lu ◽  
Yun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Structural Part ◽  
Coupled Shear Wall ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Energy Dissipated ◽  
Resilient Structure

Structure with replaceable devices is a type of earthquake resilient structure developed to restore the structure immediately after strong earthquakes. Current researches focus on one type of the replaceable device located in the structural part that is most likely to be damaged; however, plastic deformation would not be limited in a specific part but expand to other parts. To concentrate possible damage in shear wall structures, combined form of replaceable devices was introduced in this article. Based on previous studies, combined form of replaceable coupling beam and replaceable wall foot was used in a coupled shear wall. Influences of the dimension and location of the replaceable devices to the strength and stiffness of the shear wall were investigated through numerical modeling, which was verified by experimental data. Performance comparison between the shear walls with one type and combined form of replaceable devices and the conventional coupled shear wall was performed. In general, the shear wall with combined form of replaceable devices is shown to be better energy dissipated, and proper dimensions and locations of the replaceable devices should be determined.

Assessment of cross-laminated timber panels by the state-space approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2375-2391
Author(s):  
Asad S Albostami ◽  
Zhangjian Wu ◽  
Lee S Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
State Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The State ◽  
Composite Panel ◽  
State Space Approach ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Space Approach

In this article, cross-laminated timber panels are investigated as a novel engineering application of the state-space approach. As cross-laminated timber is a laminated composite panel, the three-dimensional analytical method provided by the state-space approach offers the potential for improved accuracy over existing common approaches to the analysis of cross-laminated timber. Before focusing on the specific application to cross-laminated timber, the general theory of the state-space approach is outlined. The method is then applied to describe the behaviour of a number of cross-laminated timber panel configurations previously examined experimentally and analytically. In order to demonstrate the capability of the state-space approach in this application, the results are compared with those from various two-dimensional and three-dimensional analytical approaches and finite element modelling briefly. With a view to design, different failure criteria are explored to assess the ultimate strength of the cross-laminated timber panels. The state-space approach demonstrates its superior capability in capturing the nonlinear distribution of the elastic stresses through the thickness of the cross-laminated timber panels over a range of span-to-thickness ratios common in practical applications.

Full-Scale Shake Table Testing of Cross-Laminated Timber Rocking Shear Walls with Replaceable Components

2019 ◽  
Vol 145 (10) ◽  
pp. 04019115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Erik Blomgren ◽  
Shiling Pei ◽  
Zhibin Jin ◽  
Josh Powers ◽  
James D. Dolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Walls ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Shake Table Testing ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber

scholarly journals Stereological methods in cell biology: where are we--where are we going?

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
E R Weibel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Geometric Probability ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Current State ◽  
Morphometric Methods ◽  
Physiological Approach ◽  
Function Correlation ◽  
Analytical Approaches

The current state of the art in morphometric cell biology is reviewed by looking at the developmental state of stereological methods, and at the approaches used to arrive at quantitative structure-function correlation. Stereological methods have reached a fairly advanced level of sophistication since mathematical stereology has been developed as a branch of geometric probability theory. The application of these methods in cell biology lags behind, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Among the strategies used in exploiting stereological methods in cell biology the physiological approach (where a change is induced experimentally and its effect on the cells is followed by biochemical and morphometric methods) ranks highest and is still valid. More analytical approaches, such as combining stereology and biochemistry in cell fraction studies, are fraught with difficulties. In considering future developments of stereological methods, the emphasis will have to be 1) on developing procedures for eliminating biases such as section thickness or resolution effects, and 2) on increasing the efficiency of the methods by better sampling rules and improved instrumentation. The future trends in morphometric cell biology might best be served by exploiting the potentials of histochemistry and stereology by combining them with a view to 1) establishing procedures for cell-specific sampling and 2) developing methods towards "molecular morphometry" on the basis of immunocytochemical labeling.

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