Study of concrete–timber composite beams using an analytical approach based on the principle of virtual work and experimental results

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilson T. Mascia ◽  
Nádia C.S. Forti ◽  
Julio Soriano ◽  
Elias A. Nicolas ◽  
Tiago L.D. Forti
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Principle Of Virtual Work

Design, Kinematics, and Application of Axially and Radially Expandable Modular Soft Pneumatic Actuators

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nianfeng Wang ◽  
Bicheng Chen ◽  
Xiandong Ge ◽  
Xianmin Zhang ◽  
Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Modular Design ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Pneumatic Actuator ◽  
Radial Expansion ◽  
Principle Of Virtual Work ◽  
Pneumatic Actuators ◽  
Axial Elongation ◽  
Yeoh Model ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Recently, soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) have drawn increasing attention due to their ease of fabrication, high customizability and innately softness. Inspired by modular design, two kinds of SPAs including an axial elongation soft pneumatic actuator (aeSPA) and a radial expansion soft pneumatic actuator (reSPA) are proposed in this paper, followed by their modeling, fabrication, and application in locomotion robots. The relationships between pressure and displacement of these SPAs are deduced based on the Yeoh model and the principle of virtual work, which has a good agreement with experimental results. Five modular worm-like crawling robots are fabricated by assembling the aeSPAs and reSPAs in different morphology, and crawling tests are performed under different conditions to show the adaptivity of robots.

On the Mechanical Behavior of the Orthotropic Cord-Rubber Composite

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ö. Pósfalvi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Uniaxial Tension ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Large Deformations ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Principle Of Virtual Work ◽  
Effective Elastic Properties ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Mooney Equation

Abstract The effective elastic properties of the cord-rubber composite are deduced from the principle of virtual work. Such a composite must be compliant in the noncord directions and therefore undergo large deformations. The Rivlin-Mooney equation is used to derive the effective Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus of the composite and as a basis for their measurement in uniaxial tension.

scholarly journals Discrete element model for general polyhedra

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Gay Neto ◽  
Peter Wriggers
Keyword(s):  
Frictional Contact ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Discrete Element Model ◽  
Principle Of Virtual Work ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Railway Ballast ◽  
Multibody Dynamics Model

AbstractWe present a version of the Discrete Element Method considering the particles as rigid polyhedra. The Principle of Virtual Work is employed as basis for a multibody dynamics model. Each particle surface is split into sub-regions, which are tracked for contact with other sub-regions of neighboring particles. Contact interactions are modeled pointwise, considering vertex-face, edge-edge, vertex-edge and vertex-vertex interactions. General polyhedra with triangular faces are considered as particles, permitting multiple pointwise interactions which are automatically detected along the model evolution. We propose a combined interface law composed of a penalty and a barrier approach, to fulfill the contact constraints. Numerical examples demonstrate that the model can handle normal and frictional contact effects in a robust manner. These include simulations of convex and non-convex particles, showing the potential of applicability to materials with complex shaped particles such as sand and railway ballast.

Analytical Modelling of the Dynamics of the Four-Bar Mechanism: A Comparison of Some Methods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Meijaard ◽  
V. van der Wijk
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Work ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Differential Algebraic Equations ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Principle Of Virtual Work ◽  
Principal Vector ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Principal Points

Some thoughts about different ways of formulating the equations of motion of a four-bar mechanism are communicated. Four analytic methods to derive the equations of motion are compared. In the first method, Lagrange’s equations in the traditional form are used, and in a second method, the principle of virtual work is used, which leads to equivalent equations. In the third method, the loop is opened, principal points and a principal vector linkage are introduced, and the equations are formulated in terms of these principal vectors, which leads, with the introduced reaction forces, to a system of differential-algebraic equations. In the fourth method, equivalent masses are introduced, which leads to a simpler system of principal points and principal vectors. By considering the links as pseudorigid bodies that can have a uniform planar dilatation, a compact form of the equations of motion is obtained. The conditions for dynamic force balance become almost trivial. Also the equations for the resulting reaction moment are considered for all four methods.

Static analysis of spatial parallel manipulators by means of the principle of virtual work

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jesús Cervantes-Sánchez ◽  
José M. Rico-Martínez ◽  
Salvador Pacheco-Gutiérrez ◽  
Gustavo Cerda-Villafaña
Keyword(s):  
Static Analysis ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Parallel Manipulators ◽  
Principle Of Virtual Work

Optimal Design of Bi- and Multi-Stable Compliant Cellular Structures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quantian Luo ◽  
Liyong Tong
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Principle Of Virtual Work ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Threshold Method ◽  
Element Analysis

This paper presents optimal design for nonlinear compliant cellular structures with bi- and multi-stable states via topology optimization. Based on the principle of virtual work, formulations for displacements and forces are derived and expressed in terms of stress and strain in all load steps in nonlinear finite element analysis. Optimization for compliant structures with bi-stable states is then formulated as: 1) to maximize the displacement under specified force larger than its critical one; and 2) to minimize the reaction force for the prescribed displacement larger than its critical one. Algorithms are developed using the present formulations and the moving iso-surface threshold method. Optimal design for a unit cell with bi-stable states is studied first, and then designs of multi-stable compliant cellular structures are discussed.

On the Sufficiency of the Principle of Virtual Work for Mechanical Equilibrium: A Critical Reexamination

1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Papastavridis
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Work ◽  
Mechanical Equilibrium ◽  
Principle Of Virtual Work ◽  
Holonomic Constraints ◽  
Kinetic Principle ◽  
Sufficiency Conditions

Starting from the general kinetic principle of d’Alembert/Lagrange, an energetic proof of the sufficiency conditions for equilibrium (known as Principle of Virtual Work) is presented. It is clearly demonstrated why to maintain equilibrium requires that, in addition to the familiar vanishing of the virtual work of the impressed forces on the originally motionless system, its geometrical (holonomic) constraints be explicitly time independent (stationary) and its nonintegrable kinematical (nonholonomic) ones be linear and homogeneous in the generalized velocities (catastatic).

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