scholarly journals Electrochemical surface oxide characteristics of metal nanoparticles (Mn, Cu and Al) and the relation to toxicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 360-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.S. Hedberg ◽  
S. Pradhan ◽  
F. Cappellini ◽  
M.-E. Karlsson ◽  
E. Blomberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Oxide ◽  
Oxide Characteristics

Development of Determination of Trace Oxygen in Steel after Removing Surface Oxide

2001 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 756-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyotaka ITO ◽  
Masahiro KOIKE
Keyword(s):  
Surface Oxide

Basic Physics in Color-Coded EOS Metallization Failures (Differentiating between EOS and ESD)

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo G. Henry ◽  
J.H. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Surface Oxide ◽  
Aluminum Surface ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Die Surface ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Direct Contrast ◽  
Glass Interface

Abstract The task of differentiating precisely between EOS and ESD failures continues to be a challenging one for Failure Analysis Engineers. Electrical OverStress (EOS) failures on the die surface (burnt/fused metallization) of an IC can be characterized mainly by the discoloration at the site of the failures. This is in direct contrast to the lack of discoloration characteristic of ESD failures, which occur almost exclusively below the die surface (oxide and junction failures). To aid in this distinction, this paper attempts to present the underlying physics behind the discoloration produced in the EOS failures. For the EOS failures, the metal fuses due to the longer pulse widths (sec to msec), while for the ESD failures, the silicon melts because of the shorter pulse widths (< < 500 nsec) and higher energy. After EOS, the aluminum surface becomes dark and rough and the oxide in the surrounding area becomes deformed and distorted, resulting in the discoloration observed in the light microscope. This EOS discoloration could be due to one or more of the following: 1) morphological and structural changes at the metal/glass interface and the glass itself; 2) changes in the thickness and scattering behavior of the glass and metal in the failed areas.

Trends in Nanotechnology for in vivo Cancer Diagnosis: Products and Patents

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 2167-2181
Author(s):  
Tatielle do Nascimento ◽  
Melanie Tavares ◽  
Mariana S.S.B. Monteiro ◽  
Ralph Santos-Oliveira ◽  
Adriane R. Todeschini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Tumor Detection ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology

Background: Cancer is a set of diseases formed by abnormal growth of cells leading to the formation of the tumor. The diagnosis can be made through symptoms’ evaluation or imaging tests, however, the techniques are limited and the tumor detection may be late. Thus, pharmaceutical nanotechnology has emerged to optimize the cancer diagnosis through nanostructured contrast agent’s development. Objective: This review aims to identify commercialized nanomedicines and patents for cancer diagnosis. Methods: The databases used for scientific articles research were Pubmed, Science Direct, Scielo and Lilacs. Research on companies’ websites and articles for the recognition of commercial nanomedicines was performed. The Derwent tool was applied for patent research. Results: This article aimed to research on nanosystems based on nanoparticles, dendrimers, liposomes, composites and quantum dots, associated to imaging techniques. Commercialized products based on metal and composite nanoparticles, associated with magnetic resonance and computed tomography, have been observed. The research conducted through Derwent tool displayed a small number of patents using nanotechnology for cancer diagnosis. Among these patents, the most significant number was related to the use of systems based on metal nanoparticles, composites and quantum dots. Conclusion: Although few systems are found in the market and patented, nanotechnology appears as a promising field for the development of new nanosystems in order to optimize and accelerate the cancer diagnosis.

Review on Methodologies Used in the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: Significance of Phytosynthesis Using Plant Extract as an Emerging Tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 5188-5204
Author(s):  
Uzair Nagra ◽  
Maryam Shabbir ◽  
Muhammad Zaman ◽  
Asif Mahmood ◽  
Kashif Barkat
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Preparation Methods

Nanosized particles, with a size of less than 100 nm, have a wide variety of applications in various fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Metal nanoparticles [MNPs] have been synthesized by different chemical and physical procedures. Still, the biological approach or green synthesis [phytosynthesis] is considered as a preferred method due to eco-friendliness, nontoxicity, and cost-effective production. Various plants and plant extracts have been used for the green synthesis of MNPs, including biofabrication of noble metals, metal oxides, and bimetallic combinations. Biomolecules and metabolites present in plant extracts cause the reduction of metal ions into nanosized particles by one-step preparation methods. MNPs have remarkable attractiveness in biomedical applications for their use as potential antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial agents. The present review offers a comprehensive aspect of MNPs production via top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top approach with considerable emphasis on green technology and their possible biomedical applications. The critical parameters governing the MNPs formation by plant-based synthesis are also highlighted in this review.

Preparation and Application of Non-spherical Metal Nanoparticles: Reality and Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Lucena-Serrano ◽  
Rafael Contreras-Caceres ◽  
Maria Sanchez-Molina ◽  
Miguel Angel Casado-Rodriguez ◽  
Jean Manuel Cloarec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Spherical Metal Nanoparticles
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