Understanding specific effects on the standard potential shifts of electrogenerated species in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (20) ◽  
pp. 5968-5976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Cruz ◽  
Iluminada Gallardo ◽  
Gonzalo Guirado
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Standard Potential ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Potential Shifts

scholarly journals Anion Specific Effects Drive the Formation of Li-Salt Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Dubouis ◽  
Arthur France-Lanord ◽  
Amandine Brige ◽  
Mathieu Salanne ◽  
Alexis Grimaud
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Molecular Simulations ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Size Mismatch ◽  
Aqueous Biphasic Systems ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Hydrophilic Character ◽  
Aqueous Biphasic ◽  
Biphasic Systems ◽  
Mixing Water

<p>Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) can form when mixing water with two compounds such as polymers, ionic-liquids or simple salts. While this phenomenon has been known for decades and found applications in various fields such as biology, recycling or even more recently electrochemistry, the physics behind the formation of ABSs remains ill-understood. It was recently demonstrated that ABSs can be composed of two salts sharing the same cation (Li<sup>+</sup>) but different anions (sulfonamide and halide). Interestingly, their formation could not be explained by the position of the anions within the chaotropic/kosmotropic series and was rather proposed to originate from an anion size mismatch, albeit the size for these anions was never measured yet owing to the lack of a proper experimental methodology. Here, we combine experimental techniques and molecular simulations to assess the specific effects (size, shape, hydrophobic/hydrophilic character) of a series of anions and correlate them with the formation of ABSs. We demonstrate that while the anion size mismatch is a prerequisite for the formation of Li-salts based ABSs, their shape can also play an important role, providing general guidelines for forming new ABSs with potential future applications. </p>

scholarly journals Anion Specific Effects Drive the Formation of Li-Salt Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Dubouis ◽  
Arthur France-Lanord ◽  
Amandine Brige ◽  
Mathieu Salanne ◽  
Alexis Grimaud
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Molecular Simulations ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Size Mismatch ◽  
Aqueous Biphasic Systems ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Hydrophilic Character ◽  
Aqueous Biphasic ◽  
Biphasic Systems ◽  
Mixing Water

<p>Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) can form when mixing water with two compounds such as polymers, ionic-liquids or simple salts. While this phenomenon has been known for decades and found applications in various fields such as biology, recycling or even more recently electrochemistry, the physics behind the formation of ABSs remains ill-understood. It was recently demonstrated that ABSs can be composed of two salts sharing the same cation (Li<sup>+</sup>) but different anions (sulfonamide and halide). Interestingly, their formation could not be explained by the position of the anions within the chaotropic/kosmotropic series and was rather proposed to originate from an anion size mismatch, albeit the size for these anions was never measured yet owing to the lack of a proper experimental methodology. Here, we combine experimental techniques and molecular simulations to assess the specific effects (size, shape, hydrophobic/hydrophilic character) of a series of anions and correlate them with the formation of ABSs. We demonstrate that while the anion size mismatch is a prerequisite for the formation of Li-salts based ABSs, their shape can also play an important role, providing general guidelines for forming new ABSs with potential future applications. </p>

Ion Specific Effects on the Mutual Solubilities of Water and Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids

2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara G. Freire ◽  
Pedro J. Carvalho ◽  
Artur M. S. Silva ◽  
Luís M. N. B. F. Santos ◽  
Luís P. N. Rebelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Mutual Solubilities

scholarly journals Charging and aggregation of latex particles in aqueous solutions of ionic liquids: towards an extended Hofmeister series

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 7511-7520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamas Oncsik ◽  
Anthony Desert ◽  
Gregor Trefalt ◽  
Michal Borkovec ◽  
Istvan Szilagyi
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Hofmeister Series ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Specific Effects

Ion specific effects govern the aggregation of latex particles in aqueous solutions of ionic liquids.

scholarly journals Ion Specific Effects on the Stability of Halloysite Nanotube Colloids—Inorganic Salts versus Ionic Liquids

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (43) ◽  
pp. 9757-9765
Author(s):  
Bojana Katana ◽  
Dóra Takács ◽  
Edit Csapó ◽  
Tamás Szabó ◽  
Andrej Jamnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Halloysite Nanotube ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
The Stability

The Impact of Visual Stereotypes on Judgments about Rape

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Robert Busching ◽  
Johannes Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Irrelevant Information ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Rape Myth ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Legal Judgments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Legally irrelevant information like facial features is used to form judgments about rape cases. Using a reverse-correlation technique, it is possible to visualize criminal stereotypes and test whether these representations influence judgments. In the first step, images of the stereotypical faces of a rapist, a thief, and a lifesaver were generated. These images showed a clear distinction between the lifesaver and the two criminal representations, but the criminal representations were rather similar. In the next step, the images were presented together with rape scenarios, and participants (N = 153) indicated the defendant’s level of liability. Participants with high rape myth acceptance scores attributed a lower level of liability to a defendant who resembled a stereotypical lifesaver. However, no specific effects of the image of the stereotypical rapist compared to the stereotypical thief were found. We discuss the findings with respect to the influence of visual stereotypes on legal judgments and the nature of these mental representations.

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