scholarly journals Contribution of CO2 on hydrogen evolution and hydrogen permeation in low alloy steels exposed to H2S environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Plennevaux ◽  
J. Kittel ◽  
M. Frégonèse ◽  
B. Normand ◽  
F. Ropital ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Permeation ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Alloy Steels

Sour Environmental Severity for HIC Susceptibility

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3901 ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taishi Fujishiro ◽  
Takuya Hara ◽  
Kyono Yasuda ◽  
Daisuke Mizuno ◽  
Nobuyuki Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Hydrogen Permeation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Hydrogen Permeability ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Environmental Severity

The severity of sour environments has been determined in accordance with the European Federation of Corrosion 16 and NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2:2015 standards for carbon and low-alloy steels, based on the experimental results of sulfide stress cracking (SSC). However, the severity map obtained from SSC test results cannot be applicable to the hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) susceptibility. In this study, the hydrogen permeability and crack area ratio (CAR) of HIC under various pH and H2S partial pressures (pH2S) were measured to establish the link between the sour environmental severity and HIC susceptibility using grades X65 to X80 linepipe steels. In addition, the hydrogen concentration at the location of the HIC was calculated by the finite element analysis. The results showed that the sour environmental severity map obtained from hydrogen permeation tests changes with time, because the hydrogen permeability reached maximum values in the early stage and steady-state values in the later stage. Then, the HIC susceptibility did not correspond to the maximum permeability, but to the steady-state hydrogen permeability. In addition, the hydrogen content at the location of the HIC did not correspond to the maximum hydrogen permeability but corresponded to the steady-state hydrogen permeability, because HIC occurred in the center segregation part and the hydrogen atoms required a certain time to diffuse from the metal surface to the mid-thickness. These results suggest that the HIC susceptibility is dominated by the severity map obtained from the steady-state hydrogen permeability.

Effect of nickel on hydrogen permeation in ferritic/pearlitic low alloy steels

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 3845-3861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Husby ◽  
Mariano Iannuzzi ◽  
Roy Johnsen ◽  
Mariano Kappes ◽  
Afrooz Barnoush
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Permeation ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Alloy Steels

Effects of cooling rate on the mechanical properties of dual phase treated vanadium steels

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
H.C. Cheng ◽  
J.R. Gong ◽  
J.G. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Resource Requirement ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Potential Weight

For fuel savings as well as energy and resource requirement, high strength low alloy steels (HSLA) are of particular interest to automobile industry because of the potential weight reduction which can be achieved by using thinner section of these steels to carry the same load and thus to improve the fuel mileage. Dual phase treatment has been utilized to obtain superior strength and ductility combinations compared to the HSLA of identical composition. Recently, cooling rate following heat treatment was found to be important to the tensile properties of the dual phase steels. In this paper, we report the results of the investigation of cooling rate on the microstructures and mechanical properties of several vanadium HSLA steels.The steels with composition (in weight percent) listed below were supplied by China Steel Corporation: 1. low V steel (0.11C, 0.65Si, 1.63Mn, 0.015P, 0.008S, 0.084Aℓ, 0.004V), 2. 0.059V steel (0.13C, 0.62S1, 1.59Mn, 0.012P, 0.008S, 0.065Aℓ, 0.059V), 3. 0.10V steel (0.11C, 0.58Si, 1.58Mn, 0.017P, 0.008S, 0.068Aℓ, 0.10V).

Materials for bullet core

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
A. G. Kolmakov ◽  
◽  
I. O. Bannykh ◽  
V. I. Antipov ◽  
L. V. Vinogradov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Hard Alloys ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Natural Composite

he basic ideas about the process of introducing cores into protective barriers and the most common core patterns and their location in conventional and sub-caliber small arms bullets are discussed. The materials used for manufacture of cores are analyzed. It is concluded that for mass bullets of increased armor penetration the most rational choice can be considered the use of high-carbon low-alloy steels of a new generation with a natural composite structure and hardness of up to 70 HRC. For specialized armor-piercing bullets, cores made from promising economically-alloyed high-speed steels characterized by a high complex of «hardness—bending strength» are better alternative than ones made of hard alloys or tungsten alloys.

UNIFLUX VCM 125

Alloy Digest ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Electrode Wire ◽  
Molybdenum Steel ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Welding Electrode

Abstract UNIFLUX VCM 125 is a continuous flux-cored welding electrode (wire) that is used to deposit 1 1/4% chromium-1/2% molybdenum steel for which it was developed. Welding is protected by a shielding atmosphere of 100% carbon dioxide. This electrode also may be used to weld other low-alloy steels and carbon steels; however, the weld metal may differ somewhat from 1 1/4% chromium-1/2% molybdenum because of weld-metal dilution. When Uniflux VCM 125 is used to weld 1 1/4% chromium-1/2% molybdenum steel, it provides 95,000 psi tensile strength at 70 F and 24 foot-pounds Charpy V-notch impact at 40 F. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-340. Producer or source: Unicore Inc., United Nuclear Corporation.

UNIFLUX V90

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Steel Weld Metal ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Temperature Impact ◽  
Welding Electrode

Abstract UNIFLUX V90 is a continuous flux-cored welding electrode (wire) developed to weld high-strength low-alloy steels, but it may be used to weld other low-alloy steels and carbon steels. It is used to deposit typically 2.40% nickel steel weld metal with good low-temperature impact properties. Welding is protected by a shielding atmosphere of either 75% argon-25% carbon dioxide or 100% carbon dioxide. Uniflux V90 is used widely in shipbuilding and other fabricating industries. It provides around 88,000 psi tensile strength and around 26 food-pounds Charpy V-notch impact at 60 F. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-355. Producer or source: Unicore Inc., United Nuclear Corporation.

TRI-MARK TM-115

Alloy Digest ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Mining Equipment ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Temperature Impact ◽  
Welding Electrode

Abstract TRI-MARK TM-115 is a gas-shielded flux-cored welding electrode for continuous high deposition are welding. It is designed specifically for semiautomatic and automatic arc welding of high-strength low-alloy steels and quenched-and-tempered steels. This gas-sheilded tubular wire can be used for single and multiple-pass welding. It has outstanding low-temperature impact properties. Its applications including mining equipment, large vehicles and similar items. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-392. Producer or source: Tri-Mark Inc..

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