The feasibility of nipple aspiration and duct lavage to evaluate the breast duct epithelium of women with increased breast cancer risk

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Twelves ◽  
Ashutosh Nerurkar ◽  
Peter Osin ◽  
Ann Ward ◽  
Clare M. Isacke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Nipple Aspiration ◽  
Duct Epithelium ◽  
Duct Lavage

scholarly journals Atypia and DNA Methylation in Nipple Duct Lavage in Relation to Predicted Breast Cancer Risk

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1812-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Euhus ◽  
Dawei Bu ◽  
Raheela Ashfaq ◽  
Xian-Jin Xie ◽  
Aihua Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Duct Lavage

scholarly journals The local hormonal environment and related biomarkers in the normal breast

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Khan ◽  
D Bhandare ◽  
R T Chatterton
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Nipple Aspiration ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Prevention Studies

Recent developments in breast epithelial sampling techniques (nipple fluid aspiration, ductal lavage, and random fine needle aspiration) provide new opportunities for the acquisition of hormonal and cellular biomarker data in asymptomatic women, and thereby the possibility of developing a unified vision of how the hormonal environment of the breast may interact with the cellular expression of proteins, and with other evolving candidate markers of breast cancer risk. The purpose of this review is to integrate available information regarding cellular and breast fluid biomarkers of hormone action on the breast, to identify candidate biomarkers for studies of breast cancer risk and prevention. These include the estrogen receptors α andβ, markers of proliferative and apoptotic response, and protein markers of estrogen action in breast cells and nipple fluid. Studies of breast hormone levels in nipple aspiration fluid (NAF) show that estrone sulphate is present in large quantities in the normal breast, while the differences in serum ovarian steroids that are seen in pre- and postmenopausal women are blunted in NAF. The variability of several estradiol precursors in NAF over time is relatively small, a useful attribute of potential biomarkers of breast cancer risk, particularly if they are reversible with intervention in Phase 2 prevention trials. These studies are already providing new insights into the hormonal etiology of breast cancer, and should lead to the identification of robust, reversible biomarkers for use in breast cancer prevention studies.

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