Epidemiology of viral hepatitis infections in an area of southern Italy with high incidence rates of liver cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Fusco ◽  
Enrico Girardi ◽  
Pierluca Piselli ◽  
Raffaele Palombino ◽  
Jerry Polesel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
High Incidence

scholarly journals O mapa das hepatites virais no Acre: entre territórios e territorialidades

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2339
Author(s):  
Cleilton Sampaio De Farias ◽  
Ricardo Antunes Dantas de Oliveira ◽  
Maurício R. M. P. da Luz
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
High Incidence

As hepatites virais são doenças causadas por vírus distintos (A, B, C e D), que têm em comum o acometimento particularmente forte do fígado humano. Objetivou-se mapear a distribuição das hepatites virais no Acre, no período de 2010 a 2014, por meio de dois indicadores. Esse mapeamento foi associado a proposições para explicar seus territórios, suas territorialidades e suas territorializações, sendo respectivamente os locais de maior ocorrência, as relações históricas e sociais que causaram essas enfermidades e a formação desses territórios. Em vista de tudo isto, as hepatites virais se territorializaram historicamente no Acre, possivelmente favorecidas por aspectos inadequados de vigilância epidemiológica, ligados com o controle de outras endemias que assolavam os municípios. Estes fatores, associados com as condições socioeconômicas e ambientais, com a desigualdade de renda, de escolaridade e de desenvolvimento humano desses espaços, permitiram que as relações que proporcionam a infecção e a transmissão dessas doenças fossem passadas de geração para geração. Esse processo resultou em territórios que apresentam, além de muitos casos notificados altas taxas de incidências como em Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Branco, Tarauacá e Assis Brasil. The map of viral hepatitis in Acre: between territories and territorialities A B S T R A C TViral hepatitis are diseases caused by distinct viruses (A, B, C and D), which have in common the particularly strong involvement of the human liver. The objective of this study was to map the distribution of viral hepatitis in Acre between 2010 and 2014, using two indicators. This mapping was associated with propositions to explain their territories, their territorialities and their territorializations, being respectively the places of greatest occurrence, the historical and social relations that caused these diseases and the formation of these territories. In view of all this, viral hepatitis were historically territorialized in Acre, possibly favored by inadequate aspects of epidemiological surveillance, linked to the control of other endemic diseases that devastated the municipalities. These factors, associated with socioeconomic and environmental conditions, income inequality, schooling and human development of these spaces, allowed the relations that provide the infection and the transmission of these diseases were passed from generation to generation. This process resulted in territories that have, in addition to many cases reported high incidence rates such as Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Branco, Tarauacá and Assis Brasil.Keywords: Viral hepatitis, Map, Territories, Acre.

scholarly journals Changing trends in liver cancer incidence by race/ethnicity and sex in the US: 1992–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1377-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Salvatore ◽  
Jihyoun Jeon ◽  
Rafael Meza
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Hispanic Males ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Purpose Liver cancer incidence continues to increase while incidence of most other cancers is decreasing. We analyze recent and long-term trends of US liver cancer incidence by race/ethnicity and sex to best understand where to focus preventive efforts. Methods Liver cancer incidence rates from 1992 to 2016 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. Delay-adjusted age-standardized incidence trends by race/ethnicity and sex were analyzed using joinpoint regression. Age-specific incidence was analyzed using age-period-cohort models. Hepatitis C seroprevalence by cohort was calculated using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Results Liver cancer incidence has peaked in males and Asian or Pacific Islanders. Hispanic males, a high-incidence population, are experiencing a decrease in incidence, although not yet statistically significant. In contrast, incidence continues to increase in females, although at lower rates than in the 1990s, and American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). Liver cancer incidence continues to be higher in males. Non-Hispanic Whites have the lowest incidence among racial/ethnic groups. Trends largely reflect differences in incidence by birth-cohort, which increased considerably, particularly in males, for those born around the 1950s, and continues to increase in females and AI/ANs. The patterns in males are likely driven by cohort variations in Hepatitis C infection. Conclusions Liver cancer incidence appears to have peaked among males. However, important differences in liver cancer trends by race/ethnicity and sex remain, highlighting the need for monitoring trends across different groups. Preventive interventions should focus on existing liver cancer disparities, targeting AI/ANs, females, and high-incidence groups.

scholarly journals Temporal and geographic analysis of trichinellosis incidence in Chile with risk assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Landaeta-Aqueveque ◽  
Salvador Ayala ◽  
Denis Poblete-Toledo ◽  
Mauricio Canals
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Rate Fluctuation ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Domestic Cycle ◽  
Model Residuals ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

AbstractTrichinellosis is a foodborne disease caused by several Trichinella species around the world. In Chile, the domestic cycle was fairly well-studied in previous decades, but has been neglected in recent years. The aims of this study were to analyze, geographically, the incidence of trichinellosis in Chile to assess the relative risk and to analyze the incidence rate fluctuation in the last decades. Using temporal data spanning 1964–2019, as well as geographical data from 2010 to 2019, the time series of cases was analyzed with ARIMA models to explore trends and periodicity. The Dickey-Fuller test was used to study trends, and the Portmanteau test was used to study white noise in the model residuals. The Besag-York-Mollie (BYM) model was used to create Bayesian maps of the level of risk relative to that expected by the overall population. The association of the relative risk with the number of farmed swine was assessed with Spearman’s correlation. The number of annual cases varied between 5 and 220 (mean: 65.13); the annual rate of reported cases varied between 0.03 and 1.9 cases per 105 inhabitants (mean: 0.53). The cases of trichinellosis in Chile showed a downward trend that has become more evident since the 1980s. No periodicities were detected via the autocorrelation function. Communes (the smallest geographical administrative subdivision) with high incidence rates and high relative risk were mostly observed in the Araucanía region. The relative risk of the commune was significantly associated with the number of farmed pigs and boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758). The results allowed us to state that trichinellosis is not a (re)emerging disease in Chile, but the severe economic poverty rate of the Mapuche Indigenous peoples and the high number of backyard and free-ranging pigs seem to be associated with the high risk of trichinellosis in the Araucanía region.

High Incidence Rates of Stroke in Örebro, Sweden: Further Support for Regional Incidence Differences within Scandinavia

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Appelros ◽  
Ingegerd Nydevik ◽  
Åke Seiger ◽  
Andreas Terént
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rates ◽  
High Incidence

scholarly journals Incidence Of Diarrheal Infections In Ukraine: Epidemiological Peculiarities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Malysh ◽  
Oksana Chemych ◽  
Roman Rodyna ◽  
Inna Chorna ◽  
Svitlana Doan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Incidence

Abstract Background : Diarrheal infections remain relevant for many countries of the world. The processes of globalization, fundamental changes in nutrition and water consumption contributed to the fact that the significance of individual infection sources, etiological structure of diarrheal infections changed. Purpose of the study: on the background of the analytical study of the incidence of diarrheal infections in Ukraine under the current conditions, to determine the factors influencing epidemic situation. Methods: The reports of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Main Administrations of Statistics in Kharkiv, Odesa, Zaporizhia oblasts for 2011-2018 are used in the paper. Epidemiological and statistical research methods are applied. Results: The epidemic situation with diarrheal infections in Ukraine is characterized by a low incidence of typhoid fever (from 0.012 to 0.14 per 100 thousand people), shigellosis (from 1.97-6.13 per 100 thousand people), stable incidence rates without the downward trend, salmonellosis (from 17.35 till 24.1 per 100 thousand people), high incidence of diahrreal infections of specified etiology (from 115.5 to141.9 per 100 thousand people) and diahrreal infections of unspecified etiology (from 69.76 to 107.02 per 100 thousand people). The most complicated epidemic situation is observed in economically most developed regions of the country. Most diarrheal infectionsoutbreaks are connected with catering establishments 36.5 % and with children educational establishments 26.1 %. In the region with the highest shigellosis and salmonellosis incidence direct strong correlation relationships are established between the incidence and population, density, natural population movement. The oblasts with the highest diahrreal infections of specified etiology, rotaviral enteritis, diahrreal infections of unspecified etiology incidence are at least provided with water resources and have problems with provision of high-quality drinking water. There is a need to improve the system of epidemiological surveillance over diarrheal infections by extension of the indicators of microbiological study of drinking water quality in the regions of Ukraine, where high diahrreal infections of specified etiology, rotaviral enteritis, diahrreal infections of unspecified etiology incidence is registered; by increasing frequency of food item inspections in the oblasts, where mediana shigellosis and salmonellosis incidence exceeds the average one in Ukraine. Keywords: diarrheal infections, shigellosis, salmonellosis, rotaviral enteritis.

scholarly journals Trends in Incidence of Primary Liver Cancer in the Elderly (Aged 65+ Years) in England, 1971-2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 12s-12s
Author(s):  
P. Bannister ◽  
A. Memon
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Bile Duct Carcinoma ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Duct ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Duct Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma

Background: About 45% of the cases of liver cancer in England are diagnosed in the elderly. Since the 1990s, there has been a substantial increase in the incidence of liver cancer, and it has been projected that the incidence of rates will continue to increase to 15/100,000 by 2035. Aim: To determine the trends of incidence of liver cancer in the elderly in England during the period 1971-2010. Methods: Population-based national cancer registration data (obtained from the Office for National Statistics) were analyzed to determine the incidence of liver cancer (ICD-9 code: 155, ICD-10 code: C22) by age, gender, morphologic subtype and level of deprivation. Microsoft Excel and SPSS software were used for the analysis. Results: During the 40-year period, a total of 42,800 cases of liver cancer in the elderly were registered in England (58% male, 42% female). The number of cases increased by 462% - from 2,019 in 1971-75 (404 cases/year) to 11,345 in 2006-10 (2269 cases/year). The incidence rate (per 100,000) increased from 9.0 in 1971-75 to 37.4 in 2006-10 in males (316% increase); and from 4.6 to 19.6 in females (326% increase). In males, the incidence rates of liver cell carcinoma (ICD-10 code: C22.0) increased by 140% and the intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (ICD-10 code: C22.1) by 2467%; whereas in females the incidence rates increased by 22% and 2260%, respectively. As for level of deprivation, the largest increase in incidence was observed in the least deprived population (721% in males, 690% in females). Conclusion: During the past four decades, there has been a remarkable increase in the incidence of liver cancer in the elderly in England. The relatively large increase in liver cell carcinoma in males, those in the least deprived category, and substantial increase in intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma in both genders warrant further investigation. These findings are also relevant for the planning of oncology services, resource allocation, screening for early diagnosis and public health education for primary prevention of liver cancer.

scholarly journals SPATIAL STUDY OF INCIDENCE RATES OF OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS IN BRAZIL FROM 2002 TO 2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
André Luis Santiago MAIA ◽  
Gecynalda Soares da Silva GOMES ◽  
Isabelle Galdino de ALMEIDA
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Random Manner ◽  
Critical Regions

The intensive process of economic growth and job creation in Brazil in the last years is often associated an important dimension where this process is far drop satisfactory: the high incidence rates of occupational accidents. Important instruments can be constructed from the quantitative study considering possible changes caused by economic dynamics over the years. We conducted exploratory spatial data analysis  (ESDA) and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to analyze the spatial distribution of this rate in order to identify critical regions in Brazil. Data were extracted from the Brazilian Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE) and from the Brazilian Ministry of Social Security websites for the years from 2002 to 2012. Results show that the incidence rate of occupational accidents in Brazil is distributed in a geographically non-random manner and municipalities with high rates tends to cluster.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Reveals Little Spread From a Large University Campus to the Surrounding Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L Valesano ◽  
William J Fitzsimmons ◽  
Christopher N Blair ◽  
Robert J Woods ◽  
Julie Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
University Campus ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Study Interval ◽  
Washtenaw County ◽  
The University ◽  
Subsequent Wave

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had high incidence rates at institutions of higher education (IHE) in the United States, but the transmission dynamics in these settings are poorly understood. It remains unclear to what extent IHE-associated outbreaks have contributed to transmission in nearby communities. Methods We implemented high-density prospective genomic surveillance to investigate these dynamics at the University of Michigan and the surrounding community during the Fall 2020 semester (August 16–November 24). We sequenced complete severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes from 1659 individuals, including 468 students, representing 20% of cases in students and 25% of total cases in Washtenaw County over the study interval. Results Phylogenetic analysis identified >200 introductions into the student population, most of which were not related to other student cases. There were 2 prolonged student transmission clusters, of 115 and 73 individuals, that spanned multiple on-campus residences. Remarkably, <5% of nonstudent genomes were descended from student clusters, and viral descendants of student cases were rare during a subsequent wave of infections in the community. Conclusions The largest outbreaks among students at the University of Michigan did not significantly contribute to the rise in community cases in Fall 2020. These results provide valuable insights into SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics at the regional level.

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