Effects of autumn tillage of clay soil on mineral N content, spring cereal yield and soil structure over time

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Myrbeck ◽  
Maria Stenberg ◽  
Johan Arvidsson ◽  
Tomas Rydberg
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Over Time

Effects of Freeze-Thaw and Soil Structure on Nitrous Oxide Produced in a Clay Soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1638-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric van Bochove ◽  
Danielle Prévost ◽  
France Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Freeze Thaw

scholarly journals Distribution of nitrogen in wheat plant in its late growth stages with regard to organic fertilisation and mineral nitrogen rate

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 553-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Čeh-Brežnik ◽  
A. Tajnšek
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Organic Fertilisation ◽  
N Rates ◽  
The Impact

In Central Slovenia within a long term static experiment IOSDV we investigated the impact of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilisation (0, 65, 130, 195 kg/ha) on the N content and the N amount in winter wheat (larger roots, stems, spikes and leaves) in EC 81/82 and EC 90/91, employing three systems of management: farmyard manure ploughing in before forecrop maize, straw ploughing in and green manure, no organic fertilisation. At EC 81/82 the N content in larger roots was around twice as high as the N content in stems and around twice as low as the N content in spikes and leaves. There was 80% of the whole N amount in plant located in the spikes and leaves (33–168 kg/ha) in EC 81/82 and 90% in EC 90/91. Calculated N recovery from mineral fertiliser was 68–87%; it increased with the increasing N rates in the system with farmyard manure ploughing in and in the system with no organic fertilisation, but not in the system with straw ploughing in and green manure. Between EC 81/82 and EC 90/91 wheat gained from 4 to 34 kg N/ha, but there were more important translocations of N inside the plants, which were higher at higher mineral N rates. There was a significant impact of management system on the N uptake at the highest mineral N rate.

Effects of soil nitrogen status and rate of inoculation on the establishment of populations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and on the nodulation of soybeans

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
J Brockwell ◽  
RR Gault ◽  
LJ Morthorpe ◽  
MB Peoples ◽  
GL Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Status ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Glycine Max L

Soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merrill cv. Forrest) were grown under irrigation on a well-structured grey clay soil, previously free of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and containing relatively high levels of mineral N, at Trangie, N.S.W. There were two soil pretreatments, pre-cropped (which had the effect of reducing the level of mineral nitrogen in the soil) and pre-fallowed, and four rates of inoculation (B. japonicum CB 1809 - nil, 0.01 X, 1.OX [=normal] and 100X).Mineral nitrogen (0-10 cm) initially was higher in pre-fallowed soil than in pre-cropped soil (37.6 v. 18.5 mg N per kg). Depletion of mineral nitrogen occurred more rapidly in pre-fallowed treatments, so that, 7 days after harvest, mineral-N in pre-cropped soil was significantly higher than in pre-fallowed soil (14.4 v. 10.6 mg per kg).With high levels of soil mineral nitrogen, colonization of seedling rhizospheres by rhizobia and plant nodulation were diminished. These effects were ameliorated but not eliminated by increased rates of inoculation. The development of the symbiosis was also impeded by lower rates of inoculation (0.01 X, 1.OX).

scholarly journals Relationship between mineral N content and N mineralization rate in disturbed and undisturbed soil samples incubated under field and laboratory conditions

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sierra
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mineralization Rate ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
N Content ◽  
Undisturbed Samples

An investigation of in situ N mineralization, using undisturbed soil samples, indicated a negative relationship between the mineral N content [(NO3+NH4)-N] at the beginning of the experiment and the mineral N produced during it. This suggests that a maximum value of mineral N accumulation in intact soil cores could be calculated from the relationship between mineral N content and N mineralization rate. This value would be related to the size of the mineralizable N pool. If this hypothesis is true, the amount of mineralizable N could be estimated from in situ incubations and utilized in the modelling of N mineralization in the field. The aim of this work was to verify this hypothesis. The relationship between the mineral N content and the N mineralization rate was analysed for in situ and laboratory incubations of disturbed and undisturbed soil samples. A negative relationship between the two variables was only obtained for the experiments carried out with undisturbed samples (in the field and laboratory incubations) when the soil moisture content was not limiting for N mineralization. Futhermore, in undisturbed samples, a negative relationship between mineralization rates of consecutive incubation periods was observed, i.e. the soil sample producing relatively more, during a given period, produced relatively less in the following period. This relationship suggests a feedback mechanism operating in N mineralization which would be related to a mineralization-immobilization process in soil microsites. Thus, the N mineralization pattern was more complex than that described by initial hypothesis. The possible consequence of this feedback mechanism on in situ N dynamics is discussed.

Application of anhydrous ammonia or urea during the fallow period for winter cereals on the Darling Downs, Queensland .II. The recovery of 15N by wheat and sorghum in soil and plant at harvest

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Strong ◽  
PG Saffigna ◽  
JE Cooper ◽  
AL Cogle
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
15N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Application Depth

Three field experiments were conducted on the Darling Downs (Queensland) to evaluate fertilizer management practices such as application depth and addition of nitrification inhibitor (N-serve), for nitrogen (N) applied in the February-May fallow period for winter cereals. Anhydrous ammonia or urea was applied in February, March or May at two depths (7 or 17 cm), with or without N-serve. Soil fertilized in February generally had a lower mineral-N content at sowing than soil fertilized in May. Deeper application (17 cm) in February did not increase soil mineral-N content to 0.2 m depth in May but addition of N-serve did at one site where it appeared to slow the movement of mineral N into the subsoil (0.2-0.4 m). A companion experiment was conducted at each site in which 15N-enriched urea was applied to a small (1 m2) area at the centre of a 4 m2 fertilized plot. Effects of fertilizer placement and N-serve treatment, as were used in field experiments, were evaluated in terms of crop recovery of 15N and total 15N recovery in plant and soil at harvest. Recovery of 15N by wheat, sown at two sites in June, showed that neither fertilizer management practice, application depth nor N-serve affected 15N recovery. At only one site did wheat recover less February-applied N than May-applied N. N-serve had no effect on 15N recovery by sorghum sown in October, of N applied in February or May, but 15N recovery was increased by deeper fertilizer placement. Total recovery of 15N in soil and plant after wheat harvest was lower (-74%) for February-application than for May-application (>94%). Similarly, total 15N recovery after sorghum was lower the earlier the fertilizer was applied. Unrecovered 15N was presumed lost due to denitrification during periods of temporary waterlogging of surface soil. Use of N-serve with the fertilizer application had no effect in conserving 15N applied for wheat or sorghum. However, deeper (17 cm) placement of N than normal (7 cm) promoted higher total recoveries, and therefore reduced losses, of applied 15N at the three sites.

scholarly journals Split nitrogen application in potato: effects on accumulation of nitrogen and dry matter in the crop and on the soil nitrogen budget

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. VOS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Utilization

In four field experiments, the effects of single nitrogen (N) applications at planting on yield and nitrogen uptake of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was compared with two or three split applications. The total amount of N applied was an experimental factor in three of the experiments. In two experiments, sequential observations were made during the growing season. Generally, splitting applications (up to 58 days after emergence) did not affect dry matter (DM) yield at maturity and tended to result in slightly lower DM concentration of tubers, whereas it slightly improved the utilization of nitrogen. Maximum haulm dry weight and N content were lower when less nitrogen was applied during the first 50 days after emergence (DAE). The crops absorbed little extra nitrogen after 60 DAE (except when three applications were given). Soil mineral N (0–60 cm) during the first month reflected the pattern of N application with values up to 27 g/m2 N. After 60 DAE, soil mineral N was always around 2–5 g/m2. The efficiency of N utilization, i.e. the ratio of the N content of the crop to total N available (initial soil mineral N+deposition+net mineralization) was 0·45 for unfertilized controls. The utilization of fertilizer N (i.e. the apparent N recovery) was generally somewhat improved by split applications, but declined with the total amount of N applied (range 0·48–0·72). N utilization and its complement, possible N loss, were similar for both experiments with sequential observations. Separate analysis of the movement of Br− indicated that some nitrate can be washed below 60 cm soil depth due to dispersion during rainfall. The current study showed that the time when N application can be adjusted to meet estimated requirements extends to (at least) 60 days after emergence. That period of time can be exploited to match the N application to the actual crop requirement as it changes during that period.

Role of Soil Structure and Matric Suction in Collapse of a Compacted Clay Soil

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 9058 ◽  
Author(s):  
L David Suits ◽  
TC Sheahan ◽  
SM Rao ◽  
K Revanasiddappa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Matric Suction ◽  
Compacted Clay

Corrigendum to: Piggery pond sludge as a nitrogen source for crops. 1. Mineral N supply estimated from laboratory incubations and field application of stockpiled and wet sludge

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Y. J. Kliese ◽  
R. C. Dalal ◽  
W. M. Strong ◽  
N. W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Nitrate N

Piggery pond sludge (PPS) was applied, as-collected (Wet PPS) and following stockpiling for 12 months (Stockpiled PPS), to a sandy Sodosol and clay Vertosol at sites on the Darling Downs of Queensland. Laboratory measures of N availability were carried out on unamended and PPS-amended soils to investigate their value in estimating supplementary N needs of crops in Australia's northern grains region. Cumulative net N mineralised from the long-term (30 weeks) leached aerobic incubation was described by a first-order single exponential model. The mineralisation rate constant (0.057/week) was not significantly different between Control and PPS treatments or across soil types, when the amounts of initial mineral N applied in PPS treatments were excluded. Potentially mineralisable N (No) was significantly increased by the application of Wet PPS, and increased with increasing rate of application. Application of Wet PPS significantly increased the total amount of inorganic N leached compared with the Control treatments. Mineral N applied in Wet PPS contributed as much to the total mineral N status of the soil as did that which mineralised over time from organic N. Rates of CO2 evolution during 30 weeks of aerobic leached incubation indicated that the Stockpiled PPS was more stabilised (19.28% of applied organic C mineralised) than the Wet PPS (35.58% of applied organic C mineralised), due to higher lignin content in the former. Net nitrate-N produced following 12 weeks of aerobic non-leached incubation was highly correlated with net nitrate-N leached during 12 weeks of aerobic incubation (R2 = 0.96), although it was <60% of the latter in both sandy and clayey soils. Anaerobically mineralisable N determined by waterlogged incubation of laboratory PPS-amended soil samples increased with increasing application rate of Wet PPS. Anaerobically mineralisable N from field-moist soil was well correlated with net N mineralised during 30 weeks of aerobic leached incubation (R2 = 0.90 sandy soil; R2 = 0.93 clay soil). In the clay soil, the amount of mineral N produced from all the laboratory incubations was significantly correlated with field-measured nitrate-N in the soil profile (0.1.5 m depth) after 9 months of weed-free fallow following PPS application. In contrast, only anaerobic mineralisable N was significantly correlated with field nitrate-N in the sandy soil. Anaerobic incubation would, therefore, be suitable as a rapid practical test to estimate potentially mineralisable N following applications of different PPS materials in the field.

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