Interactive effects of nutrient enrichment and the manipulation of intermediate hosts by parasites on infection prevalence and food web structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary T. Long ◽  
Shawn J. Leroux ◽  
Thibault Faninger ◽  
Michel Loreau
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Nutrient Enrichment ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Web Structure

scholarly journals Food web structure selects for parasite host range

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1908) ◽  
pp. 20191277 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Park
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
The Cost

Complex life cycle parasites, including helminths, use intermediate hosts for development and definitive hosts for reproduction, with interactions between the two host types governed by food web structure. I study how a parasite's intermediate host range is controlled by the diet breadth of definitive host species and the cost of parasite generalism, a putative fitness cost that assumes host range trades off against fitness derived from a host species. In spite of such costs, a benefit to generalism may occur when the definitive host exhibits a large diet breadth, enhancing transmission of generalist parasites via consumption of a broad array of infected intermediate hosts. I develop a simple theoretical model to demonstrate how different host range infection strategies are differentially selected for across a gradient of definitive host diet breadth according to the cost of generalism. I then use a parasitic helminth–host database in conjunction with a food web database to show that diet breadth of definitive hosts promotes generalist infection strategies at the intermediate host level, indicating relatively low costs of parasite generalism among helminths.

Interactive effects of warming, eutrophication and size structure: impacts on biodiversity and food-web structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrei Binzer ◽  
Christian Guill ◽  
Björn C. Rall ◽  
Ulrich Brose
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Web Structure

Invasive rodents have multiple indirect effects on seabird island invertebrate food web structure

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1190-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Thoresen ◽  
David Towns ◽  
Sebastian Leuzinger ◽  
Mel Durrett ◽  
Christa P. H. Mulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
Invasive Rodents

scholarly journals Hydrodynamics drive pelagic communities and food web structure in a tidal environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-85
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Young ◽  
Frederick Feyrer ◽  
Paul R. Stumpner ◽  
Veronica Larwood ◽  
Oliver Patton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
Pelagic Communities

scholarly journals The more food webs change, the more they stay the same

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1524) ◽  
pp. 1789-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Shear McCann ◽  
Neil Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
Food Web Ecology ◽  
Food Web Theory

Here, we synthesize a number of recent empirical and theoretical papers to argue that food-web dynamics are characterized by high amounts of spatial and temporal variability and that organisms respond predictably, via behaviour, to these changing conditions. Such behavioural responses on the landscape drive a highly adaptive food-web structure in space and time. Empirical evidence suggests that underlying attributes of food webs are potentially scale-invariant such that food webs are characterized by hump-shaped trophic structures with fast and slow pathways that repeat at different resolutions within the food web. We place these empirical patterns within the context of recent food-web theory to show that adaptable food-web structure confers stability to an assemblage of interacting organisms in a variable world. Finally, we show that recent food-web analyses agree with two of the major predictions of this theory. We argue that the next major frontier in food-web theory and applied food-web ecology must consider the influence of variability on food-web structure.

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