Spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus, Pityogenes chalcographus, Col.: Scolytidae) in the Dinaric mountain forests of Slovenia: Monitoring and modeling

2006 ◽  
Vol 194 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Jurc ◽  
Marko Perko ◽  
Sašo Džeroski ◽  
Damjan Demšar ◽  
Boris Hrašovec
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Pityogenes Chalcographus ◽  
Spruce Bark

scholarly journals Drivers of Spruce Bark Beetle (Ips typographus) Infestations on Downed Trees after Severe Windthrow

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1290
Author(s):  
Branislav Hroššo ◽  
Pavel Mezei ◽  
Mária Potterf ◽  
Andrej Majdák ◽  
Miroslav Blaženec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Spruce Bark

Research Highlights: Bark beetles are important agents of disturbance regimes in temperate forests, and specifically in a connected wind-bark beetle disturbance system. Large-scale windthrows trigger population growth of the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) from endemic to epidemic levels, thereby allowing the killing of Norway spruce trees over several consecutive years. Background and Objectives: There is a lack of evidence to differentiate how outbreaks are promoted by the effects of environmental variables versus beetle preferences of trees from endemic to outbreak. However, little is known about how individual downed-tree characteristics and local conditions such as tree orientation and solar radiation affect beetle colonization of downed trees. Materials and Methods: To answer this question, we investigated the infestation rates and determined tree death categories (uprooted, broken, and stump) in wind-damaged areas in Western Tatra Mts. in Carpathians (Slovakia) from 2014–2016, following a windthrow in May 2014. In total, we investigated 225 trees over eight transects. For every tree, we measured its morphological (tree height, crown characteristics), environmental (solar radiation, terrain conditions, trunk zenith), temporal (time since wind damage), and beetle infestation (presence, location of attack, bark desiccation) parameters. We applied Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) to unravel the main drivers of I. typographus infestations. Results: Over the first year, beetles preferred to attack broken trees and sun-exposed trunk sides over uprooted trees; the infestation on shaded sides started in the second year along with the infestation of uprooted trees with lower desiccation rates. We found that time since wind damage, stem length, and incident solar radiation increased the probability of beetle infestation, although both solar radiation and trunk zenith exhibited nonlinear variability. Our novel variable trunk zenith appeared to be an important predictor of bark beetle infestation probability. We conclude that trunk zenith as a simple measure defining the position of downed trees over the terrain can anticipate beetle infestation. Conclusions: Our findings contribute to understanding of the bark beetle’s preferences to colonize windthrown trees in the initial years after the primary wind damage. Further, our findings can help to identify trees that are most susceptible to beetle infestation and to prioritize management actions to control beetle population while maintaining biodiversity.

scholarly journals Bark Beetle Population Dynamics in the Anthropocene: Challenges and Solutions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. W. Biedermann ◽  
Jean-Claude Grégoire ◽  
Axel Gruppe ◽  
Jonas Hagge ◽  
Almuth Hammerbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Beetle Population ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Important Pest

Tree-killing bark beetles are the most economically important insects in conifer forests worldwide. Yet  despite >200 years of research, the drivers of population eruptions or crashes are still not fully understood, precluding reliable predictions of the effects of global change on beetle population dynamics and impacts on ecosystems and humans.  We critically analyze potential biotic and abiotic drivers of population dynamics of the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) and present a novel ecological framework that integrates the multiple drivers governing this bark beetle system. We call for large-scale collaborative research efforts to improve our understanding of the population dynamics of this important pest; an approach that might serve as a blueprint for other eruptive forest insects.

scholarly journals The correlation between the changes in climate, the intensity of spruce decline and the abundance of of spruce bark beetles in 'Golija' Nature Park

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Mara Tabaković-Tošić ◽  
Marija Milosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Spruce Decline ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Conifer Trees ◽  
Pheromone Dispensers

The paper presents the results of the research on the correlation between changes in microclimate, the intensity of spruce decline and active abundance of its two economically most significant harmful insects-eight-toothed (Ips typographus) and six-toothed (Pityogenes chalcographus) spruce bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Golija Nature Park whose pure and mixed conifer stands are dominated by spruce. The route method and ocular inspection were applied to study the presence and determine the intensity of spruce decline-both of individual trees and groups of trees in the management units of Dajićke planine, Kolješnica, Golija and Brusničke šume. Population dynamics of the two species of bark beetles and their active abundance were monitored by the method of trapping with barrier traps and the use of combined pheromone dispensers-PCIT Ecolure. Although the decline of individual conifer trees, primarily of spruce, had already been present in certain areas of these management units for several decades, it reached epidemic proportions due to extreme adverse climatic conditions in the period between 2011 and 2012 and culminated in 2015. A large number of physiologically weakened trees raised the population levels of secondary harmful insects and the number or the active abundance of the two investigated species of insects reached a peak in 2016. The inability to take appropriate and timely remedial measures in the areas under stricter protection regimes greatly contributed to this situation.

scholarly journals Merocoenoses of cambioxylophagous insect fauna of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) with focus on bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and types of tree damage in different gradation conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 474-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kula ◽  
W. Ząbecki
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Endemic Population

Research on merocoenoses of cambioxylophagous insect fauna of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) was carried out in spruce stands of different age in the area with an endemic population (Moravian-Silesian Beskids, Czech Republic) and in the area with an epidemic population (Beskid Żywiecki, Poland) of the eight-toothed spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.). The structure of merocoenoses was characterized separately for standing trees attacked by bark beetles, trees struck by lightning, trees affected by fungal pathogens and wind-felling and trees in the form of snags and fragments. The occurrence of cambioxylophagous insects, mostly bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was compared between the study areas with emphasis on dominant facultative primary bark beetles and types of damage to spruce trees.  

scholarly journals A Highly Contiguous Genome Assembly of a Major Forest Pest, the Eurasian Spruce Bark Beetle Ips Typographus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Powell ◽  
Ewald Grosse-Wilde ◽  
Paal Krokene ◽  
Amit Roy ◽  
Amrita Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Bark

Abstract Conifer-feeding bark beetles are important herbivores and decomposers in forest ecosystems. These species have evolved specializations to complete their life cycle in nutritionally poor wooden substrates and some can overwhelm tree defences and kill enormous numbers of trees during population outbreaks. The Eurasian spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) is one tree-killing species; during a recent epidemic it destroyed >100 million m3 of spruce in a single year. We report a 236 Mb, highly contiguous I. typographus genome assembly using PacBio long-read sequencing. The final phased assembly had a contig N50 of 6.65 Mb in 272 contigs and was predicted to contain 23,923 protein-coding genes. Comparative genomic analysis including 11 additional coleopterans revealed expanded gene families associated with plant cell wall degradation, including pectinases, aspartyl proteases, and glycosyl hydrolases. This first whole-genome sequence from the genus Ips provides timely resources to address important questions about the evolutionary biology of the true weevils (Curculionidae), one of the most species-rich animal families. This resource will also allow for improved studies of functional genomics of both fundamental and applied value. In forests of today, increasingly stressed by global warming, this draft genome may ultimately assist in developing novel pest control strategies to mitigate outbreaks.

scholarly journals Ursachen und Verlauf der Buchdrucker-Epidemien (Ips typographus L.) in der Schweiz von 1984 bis 1999 | Causes and progress of the eight-toothed spruce bark beetle epidemics (Ips typographus) in Switzerland from 1984 to 1999

2003 ◽  
Vol 154 (11) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Meier ◽  
Rolf Gall ◽  
Beat Forster
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
National Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Spruce Bark

In the past 20 years, several mass attacks by the eight-toothed spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) occurred in Switzerland. Since 1984 data on compulsory fellings, numbers of infestation spots and numbers of beetles captured in pheromone traps have been collected in all Swiss forest districts. The annual data were published in short reports. This paper gives an overview of the progress of bark beetle epidemics from 1984 to 1999. On the national level, two periods with epidemics of the spruce bark beetle can be distinguished. The first epidemic started after windthrows and drought in the years 1982 and 1983. It reached its height in 1984/1985 and faded at the end of the decade. The second epidemic started after the storm Vivian (February 1990). It reached its height in 1992/1993 and ended in 1997. Storm damage that produced high quantities of suitable breeding material was not the only factor for the bark beetle gradation;weather conditions were also exceptional, such as hot and dry vegetation periods. Windthrows and exceptional weather conditions are mostly events on regional scales and do not affect the whole country with the same intensity. The gradation that appears to be an «epidemic of the spruce bark beetle in Switzerland after the storm Vivian» is in truth the accumulation of several local epidemics. This is shown by the number of compulsory fellings and infestation spots analysed at regional levels. Extreme weather conditions and storms not only directly influence the bark beetle population, they also stress standing trees, thus creating suitable breeding material for bark beetles. To analyse the influence of exceptional weather conditions on bark beetle epidemics,it is therefore necessary to evaluate regional data.

scholarly journals Attempt to define morphological parameters enabling sex determination of Ips typographus (Linaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) using PCA and CLU

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 401-405
Author(s):  
M. Zahradníková
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

There are only two known methods for determining the sex of Ips typographus (L.) – dissection that can­not be used with live beetles and by distinguishing between the density of the hairs on the head, a less reliable method that requires experienced personnel. As a result, we have sought to find a more reliable method of sex determination for I. typographus which can be used with live specimens but is still reliable and easy to conduct. The aim of the article is to explore the inner structure in data from measurements of morphological parameters of spruce bark beetles and to find correlations which could be used for sex determination. The number of beetles in our sample was 110, all from the first trapping of one pheromone trap. The statistical methods of principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CLU) were used to support any correlation between the sex parameter and other morphological parameters (weight, elytra length, elytra width, pronotum length, pronotum width). As no correlation was found in the case of sex, we can claim that it is not possible to determine sex according to the examined morphological parameters. However, we have found an interesting inner structure in the data and it was confirmed that even weight is slightly correlated with other morphological parameters.  

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