Fuel load reductions and fire risk in central hardwood forests of the united states: a spatial simulation study

2004 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Z. Shang ◽  
Hong S. He ◽  
Thomas R. Crow ◽  
Stephen R. Shifley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Spatial Simulation

Reducing Unintended Pregnancies as a Strategy to Avert Zika-Related Microcephaly Births in the United States: A Simulation Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 982-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Ahrens ◽  
Jennifer A. Hutcheon ◽  
Loretta Gavin ◽  
Susan Moskosky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies

scholarly journals Using Teleconnections to Predict Wildfires in Mississippi

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (7) ◽  
pp. 2804-2811 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Grady Dixon ◽  
Gregory B. Goodrich ◽  
William H. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Wildfire Occurrence ◽  
Atmospheric Teleconnections ◽  
Fire Risk Models

Abstract Previous wildfire research in the United States has been focused primarily on the western states. Much of this research has discovered relationships between wildfire variability and atmospheric teleconnections. Thus far, few published projects have addressed the effects of various teleconnections on wildfire in the southeastern United States. Index values for the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern are all tested for relationships with fire variables in the state of Mississippi. Each of the indices displays significant correlations with wildfire occurrence and/or size in Mississippi. The findings of this research suggest that it might be feasible to create predictive fire-risk models for the southeastern United States based on the combination of these teleconnection indices.

Wildfire Management and Forecasting Fire Potential: The Roles of Climate Information and Social Networks in the Southwest United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gigi Owen ◽  
Jonathan D. McLeod ◽  
Crystal A. Kolden ◽  
Daniel B. Ferguson ◽  
Timothy J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fire Ecology ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Wildland Fire Management

Abstract Continuing progress in the fields of meteorology, climatology, and fire ecology has enabled more proactive and risk-tolerant wildland fire management practices in the United States. Recent institutional changes have also facilitated the incorporation of more advanced climate and weather research into wildland fire management. One of the most significant changes was the creation of Predictive Services in 1998, a federal interagency group composed, in part, of meteorologists who create climate- and weather-based fire outlooks tailored to fire manager needs. Despite the numerous forecast products now available to fire managers, few studies have examined how these products have affected their practices. In this paper the authors assess how fire managers in the Southwest region of the United States perceive and incorporate different types of information into their management practices. A social network analysis demonstrates that meteorologists have become central figures in disseminating information in the regional interagency fire management network. Interviews and survey data indicate that person-to-person communication during planning phases prior to the primary fire season is key to Predictive Services’ success in supporting fire managers’ decision making. Over several months leading up to the fire season, predictive forecasts based on complex climate, fuels, and fire-risk models are explained to fire managers and updated through frequent communication. The study’s findings suggest that a significant benefit of the information sharing process is the dialogue it fosters among fire managers, locally, regionally, and nationally, which better prepares them to cooperate and strategically plan for the fire season.

scholarly journals Human-started wildfires expand the fire niche across the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 2946-2951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Balch ◽  
Bethany A. Bradley ◽  
John T. Abatzoglou ◽  
R. Chelsea Nagy ◽  
Emily J. Fusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Government Records

The economic and ecological costs of wildfire in the United States have risen substantially in recent decades. Although climate change has likely enabled a portion of the increase in wildfire activity, the direct role of people in increasing wildfire activity has been largely overlooked. We evaluate over 1.5 million government records of wildfires that had to be extinguished or managed by state or federal agencies from 1992 to 2012, and examined geographic and seasonal extents of human-ignited wildfires relative to lightning-ignited wildfires. Humans have vastly expanded the spatial and seasonal “fire niche” in the coterminous United States, accounting for 84% of all wildfires and 44% of total area burned. During the 21-y time period, the human-caused fire season was three times longer than the lightning-caused fire season and added an average of 40,000 wildfires per year across the United States. Human-started wildfires disproportionally occurred where fuel moisture was higher than lightning-started fires, thereby helping expand the geographic and seasonal niche of wildfire. Human-started wildfires were dominant (>80% of ignitions) in over 5.1 million km2, the vast majority of the United States, whereas lightning-started fires were dominant in only 0.7 million km2, primarily in sparsely populated areas of the mountainous western United States. Ignitions caused by human activities are a substantial driver of overall fire risk to ecosystems and economies. Actions to raise awareness and increase management in regions prone to human-started wildfires should be a focus of United States policy to reduce fire risk and associated hazards.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Trial Finder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingcheng Sun ◽  
Alex Butler ◽  
Fengyang Lin ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Latoya A Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Evidence ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Patient Centered

Abstract Clinical trials are the gold standard for generating reliable medical evidence. The biggest bottleneck in clinical trials is recruitment. To facilitate recruitment, tools for patient search of relevant clinical trials have been developed, but users often suffer from information overload. With nearly 700 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) trials conducted in the United States as of August 2020, it is imperative to enable rapid recruitment to these studies. The COVID-19 Trial Finder was designed to facilitate patient-centered search of COVID-19 trials, first by location and radius distance from trial sites, and then by brief, dynamically generated medical questions to allow users to prescreen their eligibility for nearby COVID-19 trials with minimum human computer interaction. A simulation study using 20 publicly available patient case reports demonstrates its precision and effectiveness.

Comparison of Driver Navigation at Turbo Roundabouts and Modern Two-Lane Roundabouts: Simulation Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2637 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Elisha Jackson Wankogere ◽  
Valerian Kwigizile ◽  
Jun-Seok Oh ◽  
Pavel Ikonomov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Pavement Markings ◽  
New Type ◽  
Lane Keeping

Roundabouts can be a solution to safety concerns common to conventional intersections. Recently in the United States, there has been an increase in the conversion of problematic intersections to roundabouts to improve their safety. However, there are some important considerations and challenges to make roundabouts safe for all users, especially multilane roundabouts. There may also be challenges for drivers to navigate a newly built or a new type of roundabout. Roundabout features such as pavement markings and signage play an important role in driver navigational performance. This research was an effort to evaluate new roundabout design and existing roundabout safety and operational features such as signs and pavement markings. The focus was on how such features influenced the performance of drivers, specifically at multilane roundabouts. Two-lane roundabouts and rotor turbo roundabouts were evaluated. A driving simulator was employed to test various simulation scenarios in a virtual world. The results indicate that lane keeping and higher navigation speeds are still problems at multilane roundabouts. The rotor turbo roundabout outperforms the two-lane roundabout in enabling correct lane choice and navigation speed control by drivers. Furthermore, it was found that roundabout signs and pavement markings used in the United States can be adopted for turbo roundabouts.

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