A large-scale model for the at-sea distribution and abundance of Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) during the breeding season in coastal British Columbia, Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.P.W. Yen ◽  
F. Huettmann ◽  
F. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Brachyramphus Marmoratus ◽  
Large Scale Model ◽  
Marbled Murrelets ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

scholarly journals Techniques for Investigating Breeding Chronology in Marbled Murrelets, Desolation Sound, British Columbia

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Lougheed ◽  
Brett A. Vanderkist ◽  
Lynn W. Lougheed ◽  
Fred Cooke
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Brachyramphus Marmoratus ◽  
Marbled Murrelet ◽  
Breeding Synchrony ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Marbled Murrelets

AbstractWe used several methods to study the chronology and synchrony of breeding events of the Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) population at Desolation Sound, British Columbia, from 1996 to 1998. The timing of breeding events varied among years; on average the breeding season lasted from 21 April to 5 September. We assessed the biases of each method used by comparing the results to the estimate of the integrated breeding chronology. Counts of hatch-year birds at sea were biased toward earlier breeders, missing an estimated 24% of the fledglings. Two other methods, physiological analysis of the yolk precursor vitellogenin from blood samples and monitoring by radio-telemetry could produce a complete distribution of breeding events if sampling were done throughout laying. Observations in the forest, date of first observation of a fledgling at sea during the breeding season, and fish-holding behavior produced insufficient data to be used as sole indicators of breeding chronology of this species. In general, breeding synchrony in alcids, assessed using data from a literature review, was unrelated to feeding habits but increased with latitude (41% of the variation was explained by latitude). Marbled Murrelets, however, bred less synchronously than predicted for an alcid at this latitude (50°N).Técnicas para Investigar la Cronología Reproductiva de Brachyramphus marmoratus en Caleta Desolación, Columbia BritánicaResumen. Utilizamos varios métodos para investigar la cronología reproductiva de la población de Brachyramphus marmoratus en la Caleta Desolación de la Columbia Británica desde 1996 a 1998. Encontramos variaciones temporales en la época reproductiva entre años. En promedio, la estación reproductiva se extendió del 21 de abril al 5 de septiembre. Evaluamos el sesgo de los métodos utilizados comparando los resultados individuales con los resultados de la cronología obtenida al integrar todos los métodos. Los conteos de juveniles en el mar estuvieron sesgados hacia aquellas aves que anidan temprano, no detectando aproximadamente 24% de los juveniles producidos en la estación reproductiva. Los otros dos métodos, análisis fisiológico de muestras de sangre para detectar el precursor de vitelogenina en la yema y monitoreo por telemetría, podrían producir una distribución completa de las etapas reproductivas siempre que el muestreo se lleve a cabo a lo largo de todo el período de puesta. Las observaciones directas en los sitios de anidación, la fecha de la primera observación de juveniles en el mar y las observaciones de aves con pescado en el pico produjeron datos insuficientes para ser considerados indicadores únicos de la cronología reproductiva para esta especie. Con base en una revisión bibliográfica se investigó la sincronía reproductiva en álcidos, encontrándose que ésta no está relacionada con hábitos alimenticios pero que aumenta con la latitud (41% de la variación fue explicada por cambios latitudinales). Sin embargo, B. marmoratus se reprodujo menos sincrónico que lo predicho para un álcido a esta latitud (50°N).

RANCANG BANGUN PERANGKAT EKSPERIMENTASI PROSES PIROLISIS BIOMASA GELOMBANG MIKRO

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Fachrizal
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Laboratory Apparatus ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Large Scale Model ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Biomass such as agriculture waste and urban waste are enormous potency as energy resources instead of enviromental problem. organic waste can be converted into energy in the form of liquid fuel, solid, and syngas by using of pyrolysis technique. Pyrolysis process can yield higher liquid form when the process can be drifted into fast and flash response. It can be solved by using microwave heating method. This research is started from developing an experimentation laboratory apparatus of microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass energy conversion system, and conducting preliminary experiments for gaining the proof that this method can be established for driving the process properly and safely. Modifying commercial oven into laboratory apparatus has been done, it works safely, and initial experiments have been carried out, process yields bio-oil and charcoal shortly, several parameters are achieved. Some further experiments are still needed for more detail parameters. Theresults may be used to design small-scale continuous model of productionsystem, which then can be developed into large-scale model that applicable for comercial use.

Effect of an Oscillating Flow Direction on Leading Edge Heat Transfer

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Marziale ◽  
R. E. Mayle
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Strouhal Number ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Periodic Variation ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Large Scale Model ◽  
Turbulence Length

An experimental investigation was conducted to examine the effect of a periodic variation in the angle of attack on heat transfer at the leading edge of a gas turbine blade. A circular cylinder was used as a large-scale model of the leading edge region. The cylinder was placed in a wind tunnel and was oscillated rotationally about its axis. The incident flow Reynolds number and the Strouhal number of oscillation were chosen to model an actual turbine condition. Incident turbulence levels up to 4.9 percent were produced by grids placed upstream of the cylinder. The transfer rate was measured using a mass transfer technique and heat transfer rates inferred from the results. A direct comparison of the unsteady and steady results indicate that the effect is dependent on the Strouhal number, turbulence level, and the turbulence length scale, but that the largest observed effect was only a 10 percent augmentation at the nominal stagnation position.

Large scale model tests on Royal Schelde SES

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. DE GAAIJ ◽  
E. VAN RIETBERGEN ◽  
M. SLEGERS
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Large Scale Model

Experimental Study on the Behavior of a Swimming Pool Onboard a Large Passenger Ship

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Pekka Ruponen ◽  
Jerzy Matusiak ◽  
Janne Luukkonen ◽  
Mikko Ilus
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Longitudinal Motion ◽  
Sea State ◽  
Passenger Ship ◽  
Large Scale Model ◽  
Computer Controlled

The water in a swimming pool on the top deck of a large passenger ship can be excited to a resonant motion, even in a moderate sea state. The motion of the water in the pool is mainly caused by longitudinal acceleration, resulting from the ship's pitch and surge motions. At resonance, there can be high waves in the pool and splashing of water. In this study the behavior of the Solarium Pool of the Freedom of the Seas was examined in various sea states and operating conditions. The motions of the pool were calculated on the basis of a linear seakeeping method, and the behavior of the water in the pool was studied with experimental model tests. A large-scale model of the pool was constructed and fitted to a purpose-built test bench that could be axially moved by a computer-controlled hydraulic cylinder. Water elevation in the pool was measured, and all tests were video recorded. Different modifications of the pool were tested to improve the behavior of the pool. A strong correlation between the longitudinal motion and the behavior of the water in the pool was found.

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