The use of medium point density LiDAR elevation data to determine plant community types in Baltic coastal wetlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond D. Ward ◽  
Niall G. Burnside ◽  
Christopher B. Joyce ◽  
Kalev Sepp
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Point Density ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Community Types

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide and methane exchange of a patterned subarctic fen during two contrasting growing seasons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Heiskanen ◽  
Juha-Pekka Tuovinen ◽  
Aleksi Räsänen ◽  
Tarmo Virtanen ◽  
Sari Juutinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Community Types ◽  
Annual Carbon Balance

<p>Abstract</p><p>Northern mires have sequestered substantial amounts of atmospheric carbon since the last glacial period forming one of the largest carbon pools in the biosphere (Hugelius et al., 2020). Current global warming is causing the subarctic and arctic regions warm rapidly, two to three times as fast as the rest of the world (Masson-Delmotte et al., 2018), which will affect the carbon balance of these mires.</p><p>In Kaamanen, northern Finland, we studied carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) exchange between patterned mesotrophic fen and the atmosphere, both on ecosystem and plant community level. The ecosystem level measurements were conducted by utilizing eddy covariance method, while the fluxes on plant community scale were measured with flux chambers. The studied fen can be described as a mosaic of strings and flarks (or hummocks and hollows, respectively). The microtopography of the string-flark continuum form four main plant community types with varying water table conditions and vegetation composition. The measurements took place in 2017–2018. The two years in question were contrasting in their meteorological and environmental conditions. The 2017 growing season had average temperature, but high precipitation sum, while 2018 growing season was warm and dry. In July 2018 a north-western Europe-wide heatwave caused a month-long drought period at the site. Compared to 2017, the annual carbon balance of the Kaamanen fen was affected by earlier onset of photosynthesis in spring and the drought event during summer 2018.</p><p>We found that the annual carbon balance of the fen did not differ markedly between the studied years, even though the meteorological and environmental conditions did. The earlier onset of growing season in 2018 strengthened the CO<sub>2</sub> sink of the ecosystem, but this gain was counterbalanced by the later drought period. Additionally, we found strong spatial variation in CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> dynamics between the main plant communities. Most of the variation in ecosystem level carbon exchange could be explained by the variation in water table level, soil temperature and vegetation characteristics, which were also the environmental factors that varied between the plant community types.</p><p> </p><p>References</p><p>Hugelius, G., Loisel, J., Chadburn, S., Jackson, R. B., Jones, M., MacDonald, G., Marushchak, M., Olefeldt, D., Packalen, M., Siewert, M. B., Treat, C., Turetsky, M., Voigt, C. and Yu, Z.: Large stocks of peatland carbon and nitrogen are vulnerable to permafrost thaw, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 117, 20438–20446, doi:10.1073/pnas.1916387117, 2020.</p><p>Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D., Skea, J., Shukla, P. R., Pirani, A., Moufouma-Okia, W., Péan, C., Pidcock, R., Connors, S., Matthews, J. B. R., Chen, Y., Zhou, X., Gomis, M. I., Lonnoy, E., Maycock, T., Tignor, M. and Waterfield T. (Eds.): Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.</p>

scholarly journals The Use of the Evenness of Eigenvalues of Similarity Matrices to Test for Predictivity of Ecosystem Classifications

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Enrico Feoli ◽  
Paola Ganis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Community Types ◽  
Test Correlation ◽  
Similarity Matrices

The use of the evenness (E(λ)) of the eigenvalues of similarity matrices corresponding to different hierarchical levels of ecosystem classifications, is suggested to test correlation (or predictivity) between biological communities and environmental factors as one alternative of analysis of variance (parametric or non-parametric). The advantage over traditional methods is the fact that similarity matrices can be obtained from any kind of data (mixed and missing data) by indices such as those of Goodall and Gower. The significance of E(λ) is calculated by permutation techniques. One example of application of E(λ) is given by a data set describing plant community types (beech forests of the Italian peninsula).

Effects of plant community types and fencing on survival of Abies faxoniana in the alpine treeline ecotone

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
张彦莉 ZHANG Yanli ◽  
庞晓瑜 PANG Xiaoyu ◽  
申静霞 SHEN Jingxia ◽  
袁秀锦 YUAN Xiujin ◽  
李迈和 LI Maihe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Treeline Ecotone ◽  
Abies Faxoniana ◽  
Alpine Treeline ◽  
Alpine Treeline Ecotone ◽  
Community Types

scholarly journals Plant Community Analysis along Environmental Gradients in Moist Afromontane Forest of Gerba Dima, South-western Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abyot Dibaba Hundie ◽  
Teshome Soromessa Urgessa ◽  
Bikila Warkineh Dullo
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Community Types ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Abstract Background This study was carried out in Gerba Dima Forest, South-Western Ethiopia, to determine the floristic composition, species diversity and community types along environmental gradients. Ninety sample plots having a size of 25 × 25 m (625 m2) were laid by employing stratified random sampling. Nested plots were used to sample plants of different sizes and different environmental variables. All woody plant species with Diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 2.5 cm and height ≥ 1.5 m were recorded in 25 m X 25 m plots. Within the major plots, five 3 m x 3 m subplots (9 m2) was used to collect shrubs with dbh < 2.5 cm and > 1.5 m height. Within each 9 m2subplots, two 1 m2 subplots were used to collect data on the species and abundance of herbaceous plants. Hierarchical (agglomerative) cluster analysis was performed using the free statistical software R version 3.6.1 using package cluster to classify the vegetation into plant community types. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) ordination was used in describing the pattern of plant communities along an environmental gradient. Result One hundred and eighty plant species belonging to 145 genera, 69 families and comprising of 15 endemic species were recorded. Cluster analysis resulted in five different plant communities and this result was supported by the ordination result. RDA result showed altitude was the main environmental variable in determining the plant communities. The ANOVA test indicated that the five community types differ significantly from each other with regard to EC and K. Conclusions The studied forest can play a significant role in biodiversity conservation since it harbours high species diversity and richness. Thus, all Stakeholders including Oromia Forest and wildlife enterprise (OFWE) and the regional government should work to designate the forest as a biosphere reserve and being registered under UNESCO.

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